282 NTMPHALID^. 
Junonia almana. 
Papilio almana, Linnjeus, Syst. Nat. x. i. p. 472 (1758) ; Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. Iviii. 
figs. F, G (1775) ; DoBOvan, Ins. China, pi. xxxvi. fig. 3 (1798). 
Vanessa almana, Godart, Enc. Metli. ix. p. 313 (1819). 
Junonia almana, cle Niceville, Butt. Ind. ii. p. 68 (1886). 
" Male and Female. May be known from J. asterie by the apex of the fore wing being usually 
much more truncate, the outer margin angled at the third median nervule, and the anal 
ano-le of the hind wing produced into a longer hlunt-tipped tail. On the underside all the 
markino-3 are less prominent, the discal ocelli very obscure, often obsolete. Expanse 2-1 to 
2-6 inches." (de Niceville, I. c.) 
The larva is said to feed on Gloxinia and Osheckia. 
Eeferring to the distribution of this species, Mr. de Niceville says : " Occurs 
throughout continental and peninsular India, and in the outer Himalayas up 
to about 6000 feet elevation. It is not recorded from Ceylon or the Malay 
Peninsula, but is common through Assam, Sylhet, Cachar, Burma, and 
Upper Tenasserim. It occurs in the Andamans, in Java and China, and 
■whenever met with is a common insect." 
I have received specimens of /. almana from the same Chinese localities as 
J. asterie, and quite agree with Mr. de Niceville's suggestion that these 
may prove seasonal forms of one species. AV. B. Pryer records specimens 
from the Snowy Valley, Ningpo. 
Junonia hierta. 
Papilio hierta, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 434 (1798). 
Junonia hierta, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 505 ; de Niceville, Butt. Ind. 
ii. p. 71, pi. XX. fig. 94, c? ? (1886). 
Papilio wnone, Cramer (nee Linnjeus), Pap. Exot. i. pi. xxxv. figs. A, B, ?,C, ^ 
(1775). 
Cynthia anone, Donovan, lus. China (new edition), p. 66, pi. xxxvi. fig. 1, S (1842). 
Junonia aenone, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 34 (1816) ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. i. p. 43, 
pbxxii. figs. 3 c?,3a ? (1881). 
" Male. Upperside black. Fore wing with a broad medial ochrcous patch, extending from the 
base to beyond the disc, and thence narrowed and bent downwards ; two short paler ochreous 
streaks before the apex. Hind wing black, with a large broad subanal ochreous patch, and a 
large distinct blue subbasal spot. 
" Female. Upperside dark ochreous brown, with the ochreous patch paler, shortened basally, and 
crossed by two black lines on middle of the cell, and a broader discocellular band ; a black 
upper ocellus and a large lower discal ocellus. Hind wing with a very small upper and lower 
discal ocellus, and two marginal lunular ochreous lines. 
