the course, whether it is demonstration of a known phenomenon, acquisition of practical 
skills, or exposure to research.” 
Common sense and sensitivity on the part of the teacher and the IACUC should ensure that 
animals are used appropriately and that interested students are not deprived of educational 
opportunities. Instructors and the IACUC should work together in developing institutional 
guidelines that maximize learning opportunities and the welfare of the animals used. 
Cunningham, Panicker, and Akins (in preparation) inform college and university instructors 
about Federal guidelines and policies for the use of animals in teaching as well as 
instructional projects that have been used successfully. 
Tait (1993) has suggested several questions that the instructor may find helpful to consider 
when preparing an exercise involving undergraduate students: (1) What is the pedagogical 
purpose of the proposed protocol? (2) At what academic level are the students? (3) What are 
the future prospects of the students — do the students have a high degree of commitment to 
the discipline? (4) Are alternatives such as video or computer simulation available, and would 
they be equally effective? (5) Who will prepare the animals for the experience? ■ 
REFERENCES 
Applied Research Ethics National Association (ARENA) and Office for Laboratory Animal 
Welfare (OLAW) . (2001). ARENA/OLA W Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee 
Guidebook (NIH Publication No. 92-3415). Bethesda, MD: U.S. Government Printing Office. 
Cunningham, C.L., Panicker, S., and Akins, C.K., (Eds.). Teaching and research with animals 
in psychology. Washington , DC: American Psychological Association. Manuscript in 
preparation. 
National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (Revised May 
1994). Instructional use of animals. Institutional animal care and use committee guidebook. 
(NIH Publication No. 92-3415). Bethesda, MD: U.S. Government Printing Office. 
Tait, R.W. (1993). The use of animals in teaching under contemporary regulation. 
Symposium on animal use and teaching. Symposium conducted at the American 
Psychological Association Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada. 
The United States Congress Office of Technology Assessment. (1986). Alternatives to animal 
use in research, testing and education. (OTA Publication No. OTA-BA-273). Washington, DC: 
U.S. Government Printing Office. 
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