Volume I 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Stephen A. Ficca and F. Anthony Clifford of the 
National Institutes of Health for their continued support. I am especially thankful to George 
Williams who supported me throughout this project. Without his belief in my mission and vision, 
none of these accomplishments would have been conceivable. He helped me turn my ideas and 
theories into reality. 
Special thanks go to the following people for their generous assistance in reviewing this 
document and providing advice and assistance throughout the development of the project: Mr. 
Ed Driscoll of NIH, Dr. Melvin First of Harvard University, Dr. Cherie Fisk of NIH, Dr. 
Christopher Gordon of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mr. J. R. "Mike" 
Harrison of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Dr. C. Max Lang of Penn State University, 
Dr. Neil Lipman of Cornell University, Mr. John Nelson of Affiliated Engineers Inc., Dr. Arthur 
W. O'Brien of NIH, Dr. James Raber of NIH, Dr. Gerald Riskowski of University of Illinois, Dr. 
Bill White of Charles River Laboratory, and Dr. Thomas Wolfle of Institute of Laboratory 
Animal Resources. I am especially grateful to Dr. C. Max Lang and Dr. Bill White for their 
unprecedented efforts and support in making this study possible. 
I wish to acknowledge several people at the University of Illinois Bioenvironmental Engineering 
Research Laboratory (BERL) for helping to make this project a success. The extensive 
experimental portion of this project was conducted in collaboration with the BERL group to 
obtain physical data to help establish boundary conditions and verification for the computational 
fluid dynamics, as well as the mouse heat, moisture, and ammonia mass production data. I am 
especially indebted to Dr. Gerald Riskowski for leading the BERL group. I appreciated his 
patience, support, and belief in the goal of this project. I am also grateful to the other members of 
the BERL team, as follows: Dr. Paul Harrison, Dr. Yuanhui Zhang, Dr. Mike Tumbleson, and 
research assistants Jing Wei Su, Chris Shaffer, Ling Ying Zhao, Steve Ford, and Naxin Zheng 
who helped me to create such an unprecedented work. 
I am most grateful to Dr. Christopher Gordon of the Neurotoxicology Division of the United 
States Environmental Protection Agency for conducting further research on behavioral 
thermoregulatory responses of single- and group-housed mice. His findings were used as one of 
the main parameters for evaluations of different scenarios in this research. Without his work it 
would have been impossible to do ours. His initiative, interest, and efforts far surpassed my 
expectations. 
I would also like to express my utmost appreciation and gratitude to the following members of 
my team for their strong support: Dr. Christopher Aldham, Dr. Andrew Manning, Dr. Farzad 
Baban, Mark Seymour, and Jonathan Leppard of Flomerics Ltd. I would like to extend special 
thanks to Dr. Christopher Aldham and Dr. Andrew Manning for bringing their extensive 
experience in numerical modeling and analysis to this project. 
