Volume I - Section IV - Experimental Work and Verification of CFD Methodology 
Page IV - 45 
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Ammonia Analysis 
Air flowed through a manually controlled solenoid valve switching system that controlled 
airflow to the O 2 and CO 2 analysis instruments (Beckman model OM-1 1 and LB-2, respectively). 
Air was analyzed from six sources — the three calorimeters, the environmental chamber that 
housed the calorimeters, and two standard gases. Each source was connected to a separate 
solenoid valve that directed air through the 0 2 and CO 2 analyzers and either stopped airflow 
(standard gases) or redirected it into the outside room (calorimeter and chamber air). All of the 
solenoid valves were controlled manually. Certified standard gases (Matheson) were used to set 
the ranges of O 2 and CO 2 that were to be analyzed. Standard gas #1 was certified to have 
approximately 17.5 percent O 2 concentration and 0.55 percent CO 2 concentration. Standard gas 
#2 was certified to have 18.9 percent O 2 concentration and 1.58 percent CO 2 concentration. 
Output from the gas analyzers was continuously recorded on a strip chart recorder. Ammonia 
concentration of the sample air was measured with an ammonia gas detector (PhD model 
1600W/1633, Biosystems, Inc.) that was calibrated to ammonia standard gases at 52.7 ppm. 
During the second test, calorimetric tubes (MAS, No. 487339) were also used as a check for 
ammonia levels. 
Calibration of Calorimeters 
Prior to each of the 10-day test periods, the calorimeters were calibrated by burning an ethanol 
lamp in the calorimeters to determine their mean recovery ratios of CO 2 and O 2 This procedure 
also served as an integrated check on all components of the calorimeter and determined the 
overall accuracy of the calorimeter. An ethanol lamp was filled with absolute ethanol (EtOH) 
and placed on an analytical balance that had been leveled on a platform inside a calorimeter. The 
lamp was ignited, the calorimeter door was sealed shut. After the ethanol lamp established a 
steady bum rate, the change in weight (g/min) of the ethanol lamp was measured with a 
stopwatch over several 10-minute periods (AEtOH). Differences in percent 0 2 content of air 
leaving the calorimeter (CLout) was subtracted from O 2 content of air entering the calorimeter 
(02in) over the 10-minute periods (02i n -02 0u t)- The same procedure for CO 2 analysis was 
simultaneously recorded (C02out-C02i n ). Accuracy, recovery, and calibration values for each 
calorimeter were obtained by comparison of respiratory quotient [RQ = (CO 2 produced)/(02 
consumed)] and recovery of gases obtained from the AEtOH, A0 2 percent, and AC0 2 percent 
measurements. Calibration had RQ ranges from 0.64 to 0.81 in test 1. The accuracy of O 2 and 
CO 2 recovery ratio ranged from 83 percent and 94 percent to 121 percent and 117 percent, 
respectively, in test 1. Calibration had RQ ranges from 0.67 to 0.81 in Test 2. The accuracy of O 2 
and CO 2 recovery ranged from 88 percent and 101 percent to 112 percent and 114 percent, 
respectively, in test 2. Calibration results are presented in appendix I: section 3.2.7 and 3.2.8. 
