408 
LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 
soldering on upright pieces of pipe, terminating in inverted 
valves or suckers, should be made at convenient distances, 
and protected by shafts built of stone or brick, and covered 
with movable gratings, in order to let out the air. Where 
pipes ascend and descend on very irregular surfaces, 
the strain on the lowest parts of the pipe is always the 
greatest; unless care is taken to relieve this by the 
judicious disposition of cocks and air-holes. Without this 
precaution, pipes conducted over irregular surfaces will 
not last nearly so long as those conducted over a level.” — 
Encycl. of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture, 
page 989. 
Where the reservoir is but a short distance, as from a 
dozen to fifty yards, all that is necessary is to lay the con- 
duit pipes on a regular uniform slope, to secure a steady 
uninterrupted flow of water. Owing to the friction in the 
pipes, and pressure of the atmosphere, the water in the 
fountain will of course, in no case, rise quite as high as the 
level of the water in the reservoir ; but it will nearly as 
high. For example, if the reservoir is ten feet four inches 
high, the water in the jet will only rise ten feet, and in like 
proportion for the different heights. The following table* 
j Height of the 
Reservoir. 
1 Diameter of the I 
1 Conduit pipes. | 
Diameters of the I 
Orifices. 
Height the water 
will rise to. 
Feet. | 
Inches. 
| Inches. 
| Lines. | 
Lines. | 
Parts. | 
| Feet. | 
Inches. 
1 5 
1 
0 
22 
4 
0 
5 
0 
1 10 
4 
0 
25 
5 
0 
10 
0 
15 
9 
2* 
0 
6 
0 
15 
0 
21 
4 
2* 
0 
6J 
0 
20 
0 
33 
0 
3 
0 
7 
0 
30 
0 
45 
4 
4i 
0 
7 
8 
40 
0 
58 
4 
5 
0 
8 
10 
50 
0 
72 
0 
5J 
0 
10 
12 
60 
0 
86 
4 
6 
0 
12 
14 
70 
0 
100 
0 
7 
0 
12 
15 
80 
0 
* Switzer’s Introduction to a General System of Hydrostatics. 
