416 
APPENDIX. 
culated to endure the violence of the removal, while trees growing in 
the midst of a wood sheltered from the tempests by their fellows, and 
scarcely ever receiving the sun and air freely except at their topmost 
branches, are too feeble to withstand the change of situation, when re- 
moved to an open lawn, even when they are carefully transplanted. 
“ Of trees in open exposures,” says Sir Henry, “ we find that their 
peculiar properties contribute, in a remarkable manner, to their health 
and prosperity. In the first place, their shortness and greater girth of 
stem, in contradistinction to others in the interior of woods, are ob- 
viously intended to give to the former greater strength to resist the 
winds, and a shorter lever to act upon the roots. Secondly, their 
larger heads, with spreading branches, in consequence of the free ac- 
cess of light, are as plainly formed for the nourishment as well as the 
balancing of so large a trunk, and also for furnishing a cover to shield 
it from the elements. Thirdly, their superior thickness and induration 
of bark is, in like manner, bestowed for the protection of the sap-ves- 
sels, that lie immediately under it, and which, without such defence 
from cold, could not perform their functions. Fourthly, their greater 
number and variety of roots are for the double purpose of nourish- 
ment and strength ; nourishment to support a mass of such magnitude, 
and strength to contend with the fury of the blast. Such are the ob- 
vious purposes for which the unvarying characteristics of trees in open 
exposures are conferred upon them. Nor are they conferred equally 
and indiscriminately upon all trees so situated. They seem, by the 
economy of nature, to be peculiar adaptations to the circumstances and 
wants of each individual, uniformly bestowed in the ratio of exposure , 
greater where that is more conspicuous, and uniformly decreasing, as it 
becomes less.”* 
Trees in which the protecting properties are well developed are fre- 
quently to be met with on the skirts of woods ; but those standing singly 
here and there, through the cultivated fields and meadows of our farm 
lands, where the roots have extended themselves freely in the mellow 
soil, are the finest subjects for removal into the lawn, park, or pleasure 
ground. 
* The Planter’s Guide, p. 105. 
