442 
LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 
ornamental plantations, as an arboretum, with collections 
of trees in families, and also a portion as a pinetum — 
each genus being kept by itself— and through which is a 
walk making the circuit of the place ; the whole being 
divided by a wire fence from the portion above des- 
cribed as arranged for a park, which is kept short by 
cattle and sheep. 
All the space necessary for vegetable and flower gar- 
dens, pinetum, arboretum, orchards, etc., was, of course, 
taken entirely from the wood — the trees being cut down 
and their roots grubbed up. 
Having attempted to describe a place made by the 
axe, out of a wood, we will now give some account of 
the other and different style of country residence before 
referred to, entirely by the spade and from the ground. 
The whole estate at “Wellesley” consists, we be- 
lieve, of two hundred acres, being an unimproved por- 
tion of an old family place of many hundred acres. 
The part selected by Mr. Hunnewell for the orna- 
mental improvement of his grounds comprises about 
forty acres, originally a flat, sandy, arid plain, which, 
when lie took it in hand, in 1851, only seven years 
since, was more or less covered with a tangled growth 
of dwarf pitch pine, scrub oak, and birch, all of which 
were cut down and ploughed up. 
The first thing done was to trench over and thorough- 
ly prepare with composted muck, an acre or more for a 
nursery, which was planted with large quantities of 
Norway spruce, white pines, balsams, Austrian pines, 
Scotch firs, larch, beech, oaks, elms, maples, etc., mostly 
imported from England, not over twelve to fifteen 
inches high, with some few native trees of greater age, 
previously prepared. The lawn w T as then graded, sub- 
soiled, and a large portion trenched by spade, and after 
being very heavily manured and enriched with com- 
post, was for several years cultivated in order to amelior- 
ate and subdue the soil; the boundaries of the place, 
