316 LYC.ENID.E. 
markings, as also the red-brown submarginal band, agree with those of 
L. astrarche, but the bands in mandschurica are less interrupted, and never 
dentated on theii- inner edge, as they always are in astrarche ; mandschurica 
has these bands bordered with shortly curved blackish lunules, and the bands 
themselves are farther from the outer margin of the wings ; the marginal area 
is broadly grey, and is traversed by a series of black spots. The diffuse white 
streak found on the under surface of the secondaries in L. astrarche is always 
absent in mandschurica, and the sixth black spot of central series is directly 
beneath the discoidal spot. 
A comparison of Staudinger's description of mandschurica with INlun-ay's 
figure and description of L. chinensis, which was probably also fi'om the 
neighbourhood of Pekin, will leave little doubt that both refer to the same 
species. 
Appears to occur only in North China. 
Genus PHENGAKIS. 
Phengaris, Doherty, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. k. pt. ii. p. 36 (1891). 
" The splendid Chinese butterfly Lyccena atroguttata, Oberthiii-, deserves 
to be placed in a separate genus or subgenus, distinguished from Lyccena by 
the upper discocellular vein of the hind wing being short and angled out- 
wardly, the lower discocelhilar meeting the median vein opposite its second 
forking. 
" This butterfly is certainly the finest of the subfamily, unless the danis 
group of Cyaniris be excepted. I was not able to detect any odom- about it, 
but it has aU the ak of a protected species. I often saw it in the meadows 
of the Kutcha Naga country, Naga HiUs, from 6000 to 8000 feet elevation, 
flying very slowly, and visible from a great distance, so that I caught a good 
number, in spite of its rarity. The character of its markings, round black 
spots on a pure white ground, is very remarkable. It is hard to avoid 
thinking Tajuria maculata. Hew., a mimic of this species, though it seems 
to live at a lower elevation, and further to the Avestward. Taraka hamada is 
somewhat similarly marked, and is ob^dously protected. 
'■ I have taken the name Phengaris, which means a daughter of the moon, 
from the modern Greek." {Loherty, I. c.) 
