SATSUMA. 353 
ThecJa riibi, Linnteus, has the male mark as in *S'. ferrca and S. circe, and 
in many other respects is similar in structure to the latter. 
Mr. de Niceville is inclined to merge the genus Satsuma in Thecla because 
Satsuma agrees with Thecla spini and T. rubi in the neuration and character 
of the male mark ; but it appears to me that it would be better to remove rubi 
into the genus Satsuma, as the shape of the wings of this species, absence of 
tails, and character of under surface ornamentation are quite unlike any true 
Thecla (of which T. spini is the type) ; it agrees, however, in most respects 
witli the species included in the genus Satsuma. 
Satsuma ferrea. 
Lijcana ferrea, Butler, Journ. Liun. Soc, Zool. ix. p. 57 (1868). 
Satsuma ferrea, Murray, Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. p. 168 (IS"^). 
Thecla frivaldszkyi, Pryer (nee Lederer), Rhop. Nihon. p. 16, pi. iv. fig. 20 (1886). 
? Thecla ccerulescens, Motscliulsky, Bull. Mosc. xxxix. pt. 1, p. 191 (1866) *. 
Lycana ferrea, Butl. — " AIeb supra clialybeo-CBeruleEe, marginibus cinereo-fuscis. 
" Aloe anticsB subtus cinereo-fuscoe, cella fusco terminata, fascia post cellam angulata fusca extus 
pallida post nervulum medianum secundum terminanti ; posticae fusco-rufescentes, area abdo- 
miuali cinereo rorata;, fascia pallida post cellam valde irregulari, ad costam intus albo 
margiuata. 
" Corpus fuscum. 
" Alar exp. unc. 1 J." {Butler, I. c.) 
The male of this species has a large, pale, and conspicuous " sex-mark " 
on the primaries, very similar to this character in male Thecla rubi. The male 
of Satsuma frivaldszkyi, Led., has the sex-mark small, dark, and inconspicuous. 
I was at one time inclined to follow Mr. Elwes in considering Satsuma 
ferrea synonymous with S.frimldszhji, but I now find that the Amurland 
specimens are quite distinct from the Japanese. Apart from the different 
character of the " male mark," S. ferrea, Butler, is separable from S. fri- 
valdszJcyi, Lederer, by the colour and markings of the under surface of 
secondaries : thus in S. ferrea the ground-colour is reddish fuscous, and the 
submarginal line is brownish and diffused ; in S. fyivaldszlcyi the ground- 
* Thecla CSeruleSCens, llotschulsky. "Statura Th. cm-uha; Bremer, Cat. Mus. Petr. i. 
tab. iv. fig. 4, sed maculis aurantiis nullis. Alls fusco-, apioe brunneo-ciliatis ; supra : cferuleis, 
versus marginem nigricantibus ; subtus : anticis testaceo-cinereis, post medium linea transversa 
undulata anguslissime albida ; posticis nigro-piceis, versus latera postice testaceo-cinereis, linea 
transversa valde sinuata angustissima punctoque subapicali albidis." {Molschuhhj, J. c.) 
