372 LTC^NID.E. 
I met with this species commonly in Corea and Japan from the end of 
June to the end of August, and captured examples of the four forms of the 
female referred to above. 
Fixsen (Rom. sur Lep. iii.) devotes five pages in attempting to prove that 
taxila, Bremer, is specifically different from fasciata, Janson ; it is, however, 
not possible to follow his remarks without seeing the actual specimens he had 
under observation at the time of -writing. 
Graeser, who states that the larva of Z. taxila feeds on Alnus icana in 
July, also records a gynandrous example of the imago from Amurland. In 
this specimen the right side is like the male and the left side like the 
female. 
Pryer states that the males are very pugnacious ; the alder is their favourite 
tree, and they sit on its leaves waiting for any passing rival. 
Zephyrus smaragdina. 
Thecla smaragdina, Bicraer, Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 25, pi. iii. fig. 5 (1864) ; Obertliiir, Etud. 
d'Eutom. V. p. 18 (1880); Pryer, Rhop. Nihon. p. 13, pi. iv. figs. Q,a,Qb (1886). 
Thecla diamantina, Oberthiir, Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 18, pi. i. fig. 1 (1880). 
" Aloe supra viridi-micantes ciliis albis ; anticoe margine posteriore nigro ; posticoe caudatae, late 
nigro-fusco-marginatfE. Alae subtus canse striga discoidali abbreviata fusca albo-marginata, 
striga transversa alba, fusco-marginata fasciaque submarginali fusca. Alte posticoe striga 
discoidali obsolete fusca albo-marginata, striga transversa alba antico fusco-marginata, apud 
angulum ani literte W instar obtuse augulata ; lunulis marginalibus albis biseriatis ; macula 
anguli ani fulva nigro-margiuata ocelloque fulvo nigro-pupillato. 35-37 m." {Bremer, I. c.) 
The special characters of Z. smaragdina appear to be the golden green 
colour and broad black borders to all the wings in the male. The females 
seem always to have fulvous spots beyond the cell of primaries, and, so far as 
I am aware, are not dimorphic. On the under surface the discal markings 
are always present, and in addition there is usually, but not always, a pale 
dash outwardly bordered with darker below costa of secondaries towards the 
base. 
I entirely agree with Mr. Elwes (Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1881, p. 884) in 
considering diamantina, Oberthiir, synouymous with smaragdina. 
Dr. Staudinger says that diamantina is not to be distinguished from 
Z. orientalis, but I cannot understand how he arrived at such a conclusion ; 
if he had studied Oberthiir's description and examined the figure and then 
determined diamantina to be identical with orientalis he must have ignored 
