398 LYC.^NID.E. 
of specimens of rutilus, and also ot dis^xtr, with the object of fixing upon some constant 
character by -^vhich the}- ma_v be differentiated, and have never seen a specimen of rutlhis 
■with the hind marginal band so broad and so well defined as it ahvays appears in disj'ar." 
{Lang, 1. c.) 
Var. auratus, Leech. (Plate XXYIII. fig. 4 2 , 6 J.) Male. Upper surface of 1 the wings 
bright golden copper, with narrow black outer margins ; fringes black except on the inner 
margin of secondaries ; six black spots on outer margin of secondaries, the two nearest the 
anal angle being nearer together than the others. Female. Primaries golden copper, much 
suffused with darker scales, margined broadly on the outer border with black ; two black 
discoidal spots, followed by a band of broad black dashes extending across the wing; second- 
aiies sooty black, bordered by a broad golden-copper band notched at the edges. Under 
surface of both sexes : primaries yellowish buff, bordered on the outer margin with dirty 
grey, inside of which is a row of seven very distinct black spots ; on the disc is a second 
irregular row of black spots ; there are three spots on the discoidal cell, the outer one of 
which is the largest : secondaries greyish buff, outwardly margined by u broad orange band, 
bordered on each side with a row of black dots ; an irregular arrangement of black spots, 
margined with dirty white, is scattered over the remainder of the wing. 
Similar in markings to Chri/sophanus dispar, Haw., but its colour resembles that of C. ochimus, 
H.-S. ; the fringes are blackish, the discal spots are absent on all the wings of the male, the 
female has a row of dashes on the primaries instead of spots, and the disc of hind wings is ~ 
not suffused with copper ; the under surface of secondaries is browner, and the central series 
of spots more evenly curved. 
I took this form, during heavy rain, at rest on stems of coarse grass in a 
swampy gully near the monastery of Chang-do, about twenty-iive miles south 
of Gensan in the Corea. Alpheraky (Rom. sur Lep. v. p. 103) states that a 
specimen of this variety was taken in June, 1886, by Potanine near He-Tchen, 
in the Province of Kan-sou. He also remarks that the specimens of C. dispar 
recorded by Fixsen from Corea as var. rutilus are really referable to var. auratus. 
Staudinger (Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 154) considers that var. dakurica, Graeser, is 
identical Avith my var. auratus. It would appear, therefore, that C. dispar is 
represented in Eastern Asia by the auratus form only, and I think that the 
specimens recorded as F. hippotho'e by Bremer * and Grey (Lep. Nord. China, 
p. 10) are probably referable to this form of dispar. 
Dr. Lang (/. c.) describes the larva of dispar as green with a darker dorsal 
stripe, and gives the great water-dock {Bumex hydrolapathum) as the food- 
plant. He adds : " the eggs Avere laid in August, the larva hybernating aud 
* According to Elwes (P. Z. S. ISSl, p. 887), Bremer records Chrysophanus virganrece from 
Pekin ; but I am unable to find the work in which this record is pubUshed. 
