420 PAPILIOXID^. 
between Tonglo and Suudukpho, where it had probably been driven up by 
the wind, and both this and another similar female given me by Moller are 
intermediate between the ithiela females and those of the typical horsjieldii 
from the North-west Himalayas. In the Khasia hills I was fortunate enough 
to find helladonna in its breeding-places, which are the small patches of 
natural forest left on the higher parts of the hills at from 4000 to 6400 feet 
elevation. Here it is in some places abundant, and I found the females 
almost as plentiful as the males. In the wood which crowns the summit of 
the Shillong peak I had several opportunities of observing the habits of the 
insect, which are quite different from what 1 saw in Sikkim. They fly on 
sunny days about the tops of the trees, and make little excursions into the 
open country round, always returning to the shelter of the wood, and fre- 
quently descending to settle on the flowers of a species of Euonyinns, and of 
a large species of ScaMosa which grew on its outskirts. The flight is slow, 
graceful, and soaring, and the butterflies are not at all shy. Here I found 
hardly any variation in the insects, all being true ithiela, excepting two 
specimens, which were slightly tinted with yellow on the abdominal margin. 
I figure a female of the Khasia form, which has also been named berinda by 
Moore, and a female of the hoysjieldii type from Sikkim, which closely 
resembles the North-western horsjieldii from the Mandra plateau, in Kulu, 
taken at 8.00 feet by Capt. Graham Young. These are selected from 35 
males and 18 females in my collection. 
" The facts as to the geographical distribution of this species which we 
know are as follows : — In E. Tibet, and probably S. China, the typical hella- 
donna of Fabricius is the dominant form. In Sikkim at 6000 to 10,000 feet 
the same form, somewhat darker. In Nepal and the North-western Hima- 
layas horsjieldii of Gray is found. In the Khasias, and at Ioav elevations in 
Sikkim, we have the dark variety, ithiela, varying in colour of the abdominal 
margin, which is sometimes yellowish and sometimes white." (Elwes, I. c.) 
Herr Mitis informs me that his D. belladonna, var. zelima agrees exactly 
with Plate XXXVII. figs. 3, 4 in the present work. If this is so, then I 
think his insect is typical D. belladonna. 
Delias sanaca. (Plate XXXVll. figs. 5, 0, 7, 8, vars.) 
Pieris sanaca, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. i. p. 79 (1857) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1857, 
p. 103, pi. xliv. fig. G, uec 4. 
