434 PAPiLio^:iD.E. 
margin and fringe rose-red : secondaries with costal margin and fringe as in the primaries ; a 
discal arched series of indistinct plnm-coloured dots, beginning on the eosta with a spot of 
this colour ; a silver spot at the end of the cell with plum-coloured margin and orange zone, and 
above it a similar hut very minute and fusiform spot ; venter somewhat whitish, legs rosy. 
Expanse of wings 2 inches 2 lines. 
" Female. Larger than the male ; the basal area more densely irrorated with greenish grey : 
secondaries densely irrorated with greenish grey, the orange spot very large and dark ; 
marginal black spots diffused inwardly, the first two confluent ; a submarginal series of 
irregular yellow spots bounded internally by an arched series of heavy black lunules. Under 
surface exactly as in the male. Expanse of wings 2 inches 8 lines. 
^'' Albino female. Above with the ground-colour creamy white, the primaries bluish grey towards 
the base ; marginal spots obsolete, otherwise as in the ordinary form : secondaries densely 
irrorated with grey, hardly greenish, the mnrginal black spots united into a border, the 
submarginal spots fairly regular, internally bounded by blackish spots, but only very distinctly 
towards the costa : orange spot rather paler than in the ordinary female. Primaries below 
with only the apical area and a suffusion over the discoidal area of the same golden ochreous 
colour as in the male ; the rest of the primaries creamy white, hut with the usual markings ; 
costal margin and fringe red: secondaries as in the ordinary form, excepting that the discal 
dots are larger. Expanse of wings 2 inches 5 lines. 
" This is a fairly common species, which may be readily distinguished by the deep coloration of the 
under surface." (Butler, I.e.) 
Yar. pallens, Butler. " Aliie supra fulvte, ciliis rufis : anticiK pallidae, elongata;, angustse, cella 
macula nigra terminante, apice cinereo, maculis duabus pallidis subapicalibus ; margine 
pnstico pallido cinereo, postieas cinereo roratte, basi nigrescentes, margine apicali fusco, apud 
angulum analem pallente maeulas quatuor fulvas includente ; cella macula flava terminante : 
corpus einereura, proe rubescens, antennis rufis. Alee anticm subtus fulvffi, margine interiore 
pallido, apice flavo, margine anali punotis tribus nigris submarginato ; cella macula termi- 
nante. Alee posticfx flavae, valde cinereo roratse, costa post ceUam macula rufo-fusca ; ccUa 
macula argentea terminante, fusco bieincta punctoque fusco prasposito. 
" Corpus flavum, abdomine pallido. Alar. exp. unc. l-f^. 
" Allied to Colias hyale, from which it chiefly difiers in its smaller si/.e, elongated narrow front 
wings, and pale submarginal markings." {Butler, J. L. S.) 
Several interesting specimens are figured on Plate XXXIV. Of these 
figs. 8 & 9 show the largest and smallest examples I have, so far, seen of 
this species ; the former is from Chia-ting-fu, and the latter from Ichang. 
C. hi/ale from Eastern Asia ranges in colour in the male from pale whitish 
yellow (fig. 7) to canary yellow (fig. S), and the black markings graduate 
between the two extreme examples represented by figures 1, Chang-yang, 
and 4, Japan. In several specimens the black markings on the secondaries 
are reduced to almost vanishing point (fig. 7). The orange central spot of 
secondaries is also subject to considerable modification, and may be well 
developed (fig. 8), faintly defined (fig. 7), or entirely absent ; variation in tliis 
