COLTAS. 435 
character appears to be more frequent in the male, but is quite independent 
of change in the other markings. In some specimens the black discoidal 
spot of primaries is sprinkled witli orange scales (fig. 6, Japan), in one 
example, also from Japan, the discoidal spot is dingy orange sparsely scaled 
with black, and in a specimen from Chia-ting-fu this spot on left fore wing 
has the lower portion orange, as on secondaries, and the upper portion black. 
Two females from Japan and one from Chang-yang are suffused with orange 
(fig. 11, Japan) ; other forms of the female are represented by figures 5, 12, 
and 13. The yellowish suffiised specimen from China might be considered 
as a hybrid between C. hyale and C. fieldii, but there is no possibility that 
the Japanese examples of the same form could be hybrids, as C. fieldii does 
not occur in that country. 
Elwesi is a large pale form of C. hyale commonly found in Japan. 
.Fallens, on the other hand, is a small form of the species, the type of 
which, in the National Collection, has the apical markings of primaries and 
those on outer margin of secondaries paler than Butler's figure (Lep. Exot. 
xxxiv. fig. 3) ; I have a similar specimen from Hakodate and others from 
Japan which are intermediate between it and typical hyale. 
Poliographus and simoda are identical forms, and do not difi'er in any 
marked manner from elwesi. Suhaurata has the under surface rather 
orange, as is not infi-equeutly the case in specimens of hyale from Eastern 
Asia, but does not difi'er in any important particular from typical hyale. 
None of these names appear to me worth retaining, as the forms to which 
they apply are certainly not constant, neither are they peculiar to any district 
or locality. I may mention that in 1886 I found poliographus, suhaurata, 
and elwesi together in one spot near Nagahama, and of six pairs which I 
took in copuld, only two pairs were of the same form in both sexes. 
Pryer [1. c.) observes of this species that it is " one of the most abundant 
butterflies about Yokohama, and is the first harbinger of spring. It may 
often be seen flying about a warm sunny bank by the middle of February, 
when the snow is still on the ground. These are not hibernated specimens, 
but freshly emerged, as I have often taken them then with their wings hardly 
dry The difi'erence between a summer and a winter specimen is 
most marked, both in colour and size." 
Some of the specimens from China agree almost exactly with certain 
examples of C. erate from Russia in my collection, and I am quite inclined 
3m 2 
