COLIAS. 437 
the neighbourhood of Ta-chien-lu. M. Grum-Grshimailo met with specimens 
in the Tetung Mountains, N.E. Thibet, and these do not differ from my 
Ta-chien-lu examples. 
Golias pal£eno. 
Papilio palmno, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 764 (1767). 
Colias palceno, Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 49, \)\. xi. fig. 1 (1884) ; Prycr, Rhop. Nilion. p. 7, 
pi. ii. fig. 3 (1886). 
"Expands from 1'75 to 2-70 inch. Wings of the male pale yellow, with a black border, dusted 
over, and sometimes finely veined, with pale yellow ; the fore wings have a small black 
discoidal spot, sometimes this is altogether wanting ; the hind wings have a very faint and 
hardly visible pale spot touching the discoidal cell. Underside: fore wings deeper yellow 
than above ; the black border of the upperside shows through, giving a darker shade to the 
hind margin ; discoidal spot small and nearly annular. Hind wings greenish yellow with 
a small pearly discoidal spot. The head, antennse, and other appendages, as well as the 
prothorax and legs, are red ; the meso- and metathoracic segments are black, as well as 
the abdomen, and are covered with white downy hairs. The margins of all the wings are 
fringed with rosy red, except at the anterior part of the hind margins of the hind wings, 
where the fringe is pale yellow. The female has the wings pale greenish white, instead of 
yellow ; the black border is less sharply defined internally than in the male. 
" Larva green, dotted with black, and having stripes of yellow. 
" The female of this species is, like most of those of the genus, dimorphic, but it departs from the 
general rule in having the normal form white, as described above. There is, however, a 
yellow form [var. iverdandi, Herr.-SchiitF.], which is found iu the higher Alps, and may 
possibly represent the original appearance of the insect." {Lang, I. c.) 
Pryer states that this species occurs in Japan at an elevation of over 
GOUO feet. He adds : — " I have seen it commonly at the Yu-no-taira on 
Asama-Yama. Owing to the irregular nature of the ground, which is 
composed of loose volcanic scoriae, it is most difficult to capture. It never 
seems able to stray far from this place, and may be seen beating up and 
down, but never descending below this bleak and cold locality." 
Mr. Fenton says : — " I had great trouble in capturing two couples on the 
side of a barren volcanic mountain covered with scanty grass, low herbs, and 
wind-dwarfed pines, at an elevation of about 7000 feet above sea-level 
(registered by a pocket aneroid)." 
Japanese examples agree with those from Switzerland, as also do Amm-- 
land specimens. 
Distribution. Scandinavia, Russia, Lapland, Switzerland, Tyrol, Pyrenees, 
Amurland, Japan. 
