GOXEPTERTX. 441 
close to European examples of the species. The chief characteristic of all 
eastern forms of rhamni appears to be that the subcostal nervure of secon- 
daries is straight, very conspicuous, and does not become attenuated until it 
almost reaches the outer margin, whereas in the western representatives of 
the species this vein tapers off some distance from the outer margin. The 
deepest-coloured specimens from China are the least angulated, and this is 
also the case in var. cleohide frcm the Canaries. 
Three female specimens from Wa-shan and Chia-kou-ho, Western China, 
are of the usual male rhamni colour, and a gynandrous example from Wa-shan 
(Plate XXXV. fig. 4) has the right wings deeper in coloiu' than in typical 
male maxima. 
If Graeser had been acquainted with Butler's maxima he probably would 
not have described Amurland G. rhamni as var. amurensis. In his remarks 
on this form, he says : — " Herr Dieckmann has in his collection six males and 
four females ffom Thibet, which were received from Mr. Elwes as var. nepa- 
lensis, Doubleday. The males from Thibet have the same yellow colour as 
rhamni males, whereas the Amurland specimens have a much more intense 
yeUow, the central area of primaries warmer in tone, and showing up distinct 
from the paler margins, and exhibiting in this respect some resemblance to 
deopatra and aspasia ; the red discal spots are large, and brighter than in 
the specimens from Thibet referred to above, and in shape the wings are 
nearer those of deopatra than nepalensis." 
Staudinger (Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 145) states that he possesses a male 
specimen of nepalensis from Simla that is almost identical with armirensis, and 
that of four males which were taken by Dorries in the Sutschan mountains 
one almost exactly agrees with typical rhamni, the only difference being that 
the orange discal spots are slightly larger and more brightly coloured. Also, 
he adds, from Central China, " I received under the name of var. nepalensis 
a specimen which comes very close to var. amurensis" 
The following forms of Goneiiteryx, viz. farinosa, Zeller ; deopatra, Linn. ; 
deohide, Hiibner ; maderensis, Felder ; and antonia, Butler, are, I believe, 
aU referable to one species, ?. e. G. rhamni. 
The most extreme form in intensity of colour is that known as deolule 
from the Canary Isles ; this has the primaries entirely orange, with the 
exception of an extremely narrow yeUow border on outer margin ; the extre- 
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