442 PAPILIOXID.E. 
mities of the nervules are strongly marked with reddish on all the wings, and 
the outer margins of the wings are only slightly angulated. The next form 
is maderensis from Madeira, which is similar in colour to cleobule, but the 
yellow border on outer margins of primaries is broader and more pronounced ; 
I took specimens in South-western Morocco which are hardly separable from 
this form. 
Cleopatra, common in Southern Europe and North Africa, has the orange 
colour confined to the central area of the primaries, and the space occupied 
by it is variable in extent ; in some specimens the wings are very slightly 
angled, but I have several examples in my collection quite as much angled 
as in any typical rhamni. Instances of gyuandromorphism are not inffequent 
in this form as well as in typical rhamni, and I have a male rhamni of the 
female coloration. 
Antonia is a form occurring in Syria and Asia Minor. The orange patch 
on primaries is much paler than in cleopatra, and some specimens are hardly 
separable from typical rhamni. 
Farinosa is larger and more densely clothed with scales than ordinary 
rhamni, and the outer margin is frequently indented as in G. aspasia. 
The above remarks on the variation of G. rhamni are based on an exami- 
nation of about 90 specimens from various parts of Europe, Asia ISIinor, 
Africa, Madeira, and the Canary Islands in my own collection. 
Gonepteryx aspasia. 
Gunepteryx aspasia, Mcuetiies, ScLrenck's Reis. p. 17, pi. i. fig. 6, ^ . 
Gonepteryx aspasia, var. acuminata, Felder, Wien. ent. Muu. vi. p. 23 (1862). 
Rhodocera acuminata, Pryer, llhop. Nihon. p. 7, pi. ii. fig. 6 (1886). 
? Rhodocera alvinda, Blanchard*, Compt. Rend. 1871, p. 810, note. 
" Mas. Alis virescenti-albidis ; anterioribus falcatis, disco citrine. 
" Cette espeee se rapproche beaueoup des O. rhamni et deopaira, mais j'ai cru trouver, d'aprcs 
rexamen de 6 males et 2 femelles, des caracteres constants capables d'etablir une bonne 
* Ehodocera alvinda, Blanchard, Compt. Eend. 1871, p. 810, note. 
" Trt'S voisin du R. rhamni, plus voisin du R. aspasia, du Menetries, des rives du fleuve Amour, 
ayant les aUes plus etroites avec la tache centrale fauve unie et nullement cerclee." 
(Blancliard, I. c.) 
As the above description is so very meagre it is not possible to say with certainty what it refers 
to, but I think the narrower wings point to its being a form of as2)((sia. 
