448 PAPILIOXID.E. 
Figures of tlie early stages and a full life-history of this species are given 
in Buckler's ' Larvae of British Butterflies.' 
I have four examples (2 6 and 2 2 ) of this species from Yesso. They 
differ from the type on the upper surface in having only faint traces of black 
at apex of primaries ; the black spots are only shadowy in the female and 
are entirely absent in the male, and the venation is well marked. On the 
under surface all the specimens are quite typical. 
I believe that P. nain does not occur in the Central or Southern Islands of 
Japan, nor in the Corea or China, and that specimens recorded from these 
countries as P. napi are referable to the spring form of P. melete. There 
were no specimens of P. napi in Fryer's collection, and the examples figured 
by him in his ' Rhopalocera Nihonica ' represent the seasonal forms of 
P. melete. In Amuiland there are two broods, but it is not common in any 
part of that region. 
In Europe some examples of the second brood have the under surface of 
secondaries paler and the veins are bordered with blackish only as far as the 
discoidal cell (var. napcece, Esper). A yellowish-grey suffused form of the 
female occurs in boreal and alpine regions, this is the var. bri/onice, Ochsen- 
heimer. In the Alai Mountains and other parts of Central Asia a small 
darkly marked race (ochsenheimeri, Staudinger) occurs. 
Distribution. Europe, Northern, Eastern, and Central Asia. 
Pieris melete. (Plate XLIII. figs. 3^,4$ var.) 
Pieris melete, Menetries, Cat. Mus. Petr. ii. p. 113, pi. x. tigs. 1, 2 (1837). 
Pieris aglaope, Motschulsky, Etud. d'Eatom. ix. p. 28 (1860). 
SijnchM megamera, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 173 (1873). 
Pieris napi, var. orientis, Oberthiir, Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 13 (1880). 
Ganoris dulcinea, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix. p. 18 (1882). 
Pieris napi, Pryer, Rhop.Nihon. p. 6, pi. iii. figs. 8 «, 8 6 (188G). 
Pieris melete, var. veris, Staudinger, Rom. sur Lep. iii. p. 126, pi. -x.vi. figs. 1, 2 (1837). 
Pieris erutts, Boisd. MS., Poujade, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1888, p. xix. 
" Male. Ailcs blanches a sommet noiratre en dcssus, avec une tache grande, a bords non arretes, 
placee nou loin du bord externe des superieures. 
" Faaelle. Ailes blanches, a reflets opalius, sommet et bard interne des superieures largemenfc 
noir, ainsi que les quatre nervures des ailes infericures depuis la cellule discoidale. 
" Cette espece est a peu pres de la taille et de la forme de la P. hrassiar ; la femelle est plus 
grande que le male, au moins chez les exemplaires du Japon. 
" Le male est en dessus blanc, avec la base des ailes superieures et leur bord anterieur saupoudres 
