452 PAPILIONID.E. 
on under surface is but little darker than the ground-colour as a rule, but some- 
times it is rather paler aud in a few instances it is slightly tinged with blackish. 
In some male specimens of the Chinese spring form (var. erutce, Poujade) 
there is no black spot in the submedian interspace ; in others the black apical 
patch is narrower than usual and extends along the outer margin to just below 
second median nervule ; in other specimens again the nervules of secondaries 
are heavily charged with black towards outer margin. The females are 
generally white, more or less suffused with dark grey, and marked with black, 
but a few specimens from Western China are yellowish, suffused and marked 
with dark grey, resembling in appearance the Alpine and boreal form of the 
female of P. nnpi, var. hryonice, Ochsenheimer. There is considerable varia- 
tion in the size and intensity of the black markings. In one example from 
Chaug-yang, the base of primaries only is slightly suffused with dark grey, the 
black streak along median nervure and that on inner margin, as Avell as the 
apical patch, are narrow, the black spot in second median interspace is round 
and that in submedian is almost separated from the streak on inner margin ; 
on the secondaries the neuration is only narrowly bordered Avith black and 
the spot at outer angle is round. Another specimen, from AVa-shan, has all 
the wings broadly bordered witli black, and the costa, discoidal cell, and 
submedian interspace finely powdered with dusky scales. All the Chinese 
specimens of both sexes differ on the under surface from typical melete in 
being whitish rather than yellowish, the venation is broadly bordered with 
lilackish, and the black spot in the submedian interspace is smaller. 
Apart from other characters the yellow patch at base of secondaries, on 
the under surface, will almost always separate tliis species from any of the 
forms of P. napi. 
Typical P. melete occurs commonly during the summer months in Amur- 
land, Japan, and Corea, aud in all the parts of China visited by my collectors 
it is represented by the form here described as var. mandarina. 
The spring brood in Japan has been described by Motschulsky as aglaope 
and by Butler as megamcra. Poujade describes the spring form from Moupin 
under Boisduval's MS. name of erutce ; Oberthiir describes it as orientis from 
specimens taken in Askold in May, and states that he has examples from 
Moupiu which exactly agree with them. These latter were taken, as well as 
Ponjade's types of erutce, by Abbe David in Moupin, and are without doubt 
referable to the same form. Staudinger says that he has never received 
