456 PAPILI0N1D.E. 
angle confluent with the first of the three subapical marginal conical spots, all greyish brown : 
secondaries with a costal and four decreasing squamose marginal spots blackish. Primaries 
below with the basal three fifths of discoidal cell and the basal half of costa densely irrorated 
with dark grey ; apical area sandy yellow, sparsely irrorated with grey ; two discal blackish 
spots as in S. rupee : secondaries pale yellow, densely irrorated with dark grey, excepting the 
veins and internervular folds ; base of costa golden orange. 
" Expanse of wings 2 inches 4 lines." {Butler, I. c.) 
P. canidia varies in the size and intensity of the black markings. In some 
specimens the discal spots are entirely absent above (var. darijunnis, Butl.), 
and there are only slight traces of them below, whilst the apical and marginal 
markings in these specimens are much reduced in size, and dark greyish rather 
than black in colour. The under surface of secondaries is often sprinkled 
with dark grey, and extreme examj)les of this form are the var. sordida, Bull. 
Some of the females have the spots on outer margin of secondaries very large 
and more or less confluent. 
Generally distributed throughout China. I took a very large series in 
Hong-Kong, Foochau, Ningpo, and Gensan, and they varied equally in every 
locality. The Corean specimens are usually smaller than Chinese examples. 
Fryer obtained the species from the Loochoo islands, but it does not appear 
to be found in Japan. It is a common species in India ; according to Elwes 
(P. Z. S. 1888) it occurs in Sikkim up to an elevation of 12,000 feet, and is 
very variable in size. 
Staudinger describes a form of this species from Turkestan under the name 
oi palcearctica (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1886, p. 199). Grum-Grshimailo met with 
this form in stony gorges in the Pamir at elevations of from 5000 to 7000 
feet. 
Listrihution. Turlvestan, the Pamir, India, China, Corea, Loochoo Islands, 
Hainan, and Cachar. 
Pieris rapae. 
PapUio rapce, Liuiueus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 759 (1767) ; Esper, Sclimctt. i. 1, pi. iii. 
fig. 2 (1777) ; lliibner, Eur. Schmett. tigs. 404, 405 (1798?). 
Ficris- rapa; Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 30, pi. vi. fig. 4 (1884) ; Fryer, Uhop. Nihon. p. G, 
pi. iii. fig. 6 (1880). 
Fieris brassiccs, var. crucivora, i^oisduval, Sp. Gen. p. 522 (1836). 
Vieris rapa, var. orientalis, Obertliiir, Etud. d'Eiitom. v. p. 13 (1880). 
Pieris rapce, var. mandschuricn, Speyer, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 379. 
" Expands 1-50 to 1-75 in. Wings white. Foro wings dusky at the tip, but not so dark as in 
