PIEEIS. 457 
brassicce ; two round black spots in the centre of the wing of the female, which is generally 
darker than the male. Hind wings rounded, white, with a small blue costal spot. Under- 
side : anterior wings tipped with ochre, and with two black spots in both sexes. Hind wings 
pale ochre, more tinged with )-ellow than in brassicce. 
" Larva. Green, covered with down, with one dorsal and two lateral yellow lines. Lives on 
Cruciferce and is often destructive in gardens. 
" PiqM. Ashy, speckled with black, often tinged with reddish." {Lang, I. c.) 
For a fuller account of the early stages of this species, see Buckler's ' Larvae 
of British Butterflies,' where figures of the larva and pupa are given. 
Var. CrUClVOra, Boisduval. " Un pen plus petite, avec la base des ailes superieuros largemcnt 
d'un cendre noiratre (surtout chez la femello), ainsi que la cote ct le sommet. — Japon. Coll. 
Boisd." {Boisduval, I. c.) 
Described by Boisduval as a form of P. brassicce. 
Var. Orientalis, Obcrthiir. " Differe du type europe'en par une taille plus grande, un plus grand 
developpement des parties noires et en dessous par une teinte jaune plus pale a I'aile infe'rieure. 
De plus, le long de la cote ot presque jusqua I'extremite de la cellule disco'idale, on voit un 
lavis d'un jaune assez vif. Je possede une senle femelle d'Askold, une autre semblable du 
Japon et une troisieme prise dans le nord de la Chine par M. I'abbe Armand David." 
(ObertMir, I. c.) 
Var. mandschurica, Spcyer. " Al. ant. macula apicali majore, subtriangula, nigerrima, 
maculisque {(S , ? ) cellul. 3 et 1 b supra nigris ; al. post, subtus parcissime pulvereis, maris 
exalbidis, feminse dilute luteis, margine interiore albo. 
" Patria : terr. Amur." {Speyer, I. c.) 
I have no doubt whatever that crucivora, Boisduval ; orientaUs, Oberthiir ; 
and mandschurica, Speyer, are referable to the large form of P. rapae which 
occurs in the summer and is found commonly throughout the region here 
dealt with as well as in Amurland. Boisduval's description of crucivora 
certainly applies to this form, and it is probably owing to his placing it as a 
variety of P. brassicce — an insect which, I believe, does not occur in any part of 
Eastern Asia — that M. Oberthiir redescribed the form under the name 
P. rapce, var. orientaUs. 
The typical form of P. rapce also occm-s commonly in China, Japan, and 
the Corea, and exhibits the same range of variation in the black markings as 
obtains among European specimens. 
Some female examples of P. rapce which I met with in Kashmir are 
suffused with blackish scales about the base and disc of primaries, but not to 
the same extent as in the var. crucivora. 
3p 
