APOEIA. 471 
margin and increase in width more gradually; the submediau iiervure is straighter. 
Fringes black. On the under surface the apical area and costa of primaries are tinged with 
yellow ; the secondaries are yellow marked with whitish at the base of the costal nervure, 
along upper portion of discoidal cell, and between some of the uervules ; the venation is 
heavily bordered v\ith black. Body and legs very black. 
Female well clothed with scales on all the wings. "White, sometimes tinged with yellowish ; the 
veins are broadly bordered with black. Under surface similar to that of the male, but the 
veins of primaries are bordered with black throughout their length, and the white markings 
on secondaries are more clearly defined. 
Expanse 60-63 millim. 
Both sexes occur, uot uncommouly, at high elevations in June and July 
at Ta-chien-lu, Western China. Oberthiir figures a female from Yunnan 
and Frivaldsky describes and figiu-es var. kreitneri from Koko-noor. 
Aporia hippia. (Plate XXXVI. fig. 2, var.) 
Pieris hippia, Bremer, Bull. Acad. Pet. ill. p. 464 (1861) ; Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 7, pi. iii. 
lig. 1 (1864). 
Aporia hippia, Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 67 (1884). 
Leuconea cratagioides, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1865, p. 503, pi. xi. fig. 11. 
Leuconea hippia, Lucas, op. cit. 1867, p. v. 
Pieris bieti^ Oberthiir, Etud. d'Entom. ix. p. 12, pi. i. figs. 7 (?, 8 ? (1884). 
" Alae albas, nigro nervosoB ; posticiB subtus flavescentes, macula basali fiava. 55-70 miUim.'' 
{Bmner, I. c.) 
" Slightly smaller than ^J. (•/•rt^ip^'i. The hind wings are straighter and more oblong. The fore 
wings have the nervures shaded with black ; beneath, the apices are tinted with yellowish. 
The hind wings resemble those of cmUfgi above, but beneath they have the nervures very 
much extended, or shaded with black ; at the base is a patch of bright orange-yellow." 
{Lang, I. c.) 
Graeser(Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 66) states that he found larvaj of^. hipj)ia 
commonly in webs on all the bushes of Berberis sinensis and B. amurensis in 
the neighbourhood of Vladivostock. He writes : — " The larvae were sent by 
me in large numbers to Europe during the winters of 1884 and 1885 and 
were there bred. I need not give any description as the larva can easily be 
distinguished. Its life-history is exactly like that of A. cmt(£(ji and passes 
the winter in the same way, several together in a close web." 
Var. bieti. " Du group de soracta, davidia, hippia, &c. TaiUo de somcta ; ailes du male d'un 
blanc un peu jaunatre en dessus avec les nervures des superieures tres accentuees et empatees 
d'un trait bruu noiriitre, large surtout au voisinage du bord externe ; les nervures des infe- 
rieures paraissent plutot par transparence du dessous, sauf au voisinage du bord externe et le 
long du bord anterieur oil elles sont uu peu empatees de noir. 
