APORIA. 473 
the discoidal uervule is united by a short veiulet with the second subcostal 
nervule, forming a secondary cell on the hind wings, sometimes this occurs on 
one wing only. The fifth subcostal branch of primaries is in one specimen 
independent, and as its point of origin is from the upper discocellular it is 
really equivalent to a discoidal nervule. 
iJistrihution. Amurland, the Ussuri, Mongolia, North and Western China. 
Aporia cratsegi. 
Pupilio cralceyi, Liiinteus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 758 (1767). 
Aporia cratcegi, Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 27, pi. vi. fig. 1 (1881) ; Pryei-, Rhop. Nihon. p. 5, 
pi. iii. fig. 7 (188G). 
" Expands 1-75 to 2-50 in. All the wings are white, more or less diaphanous, more so in the 
female than the male, without marginal fringe. The nervures are very distinct, and generally 
have at their marginal ends triangular patches of blackish scales. Antennae black. Head. 
thorax, and abdomen of the same colour, and slightly downy. 
" Larva covered with a white down, with tho sides and ventral surface load-coloured. The dorsal 
surface marked with two longitudinal yellowish bands. Feeds in company on the hawthorn, 
sloe, wild cherry, and other fruit trees. Sometimes very destructive to orchards. 
" Pupa greenish white, with two lateral yellow lines, and numerous black points. The larva 
appears in the spring." (Lane/, I. c.) 
The early stages of this species are figured in Buckler's ' Larvae of British 
Butterflies.' 
Common in the Island of Yesso, whence the specimens are larger than 
European examples, and the females are very thinly clothed with scales which 
gives them a very transparent appearance. The species does not seem to 
occiu- in any other part of Japan. 
Examples from Chang-yang, Central China, are typical, but those from 
Ta-chien-lu and Ni-tou in "Western China are smaller than European 
specimens ; the wings are broader and the under surface of secondaries is 
closely sprinkled with black scales. 
According to Staudinger (Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 140), the species is common 
throughout Amurland, and he states that Herz obtained it in China to the 
north of Pekin. Alpheraky (op. cit. v. p. 95) records it from several localities 
in North-western China and Mongolia, and Obertliiir, in tlic fifth part of his 
Etudes, mentions it from the Isle of Askold. 
Distribution. Europe, Siberia, Amurland, China, Mongolia, Japan. 
3b 
