PAENASSIUS. 497 
are probably the same as those which Blauchard * subsequently described ; 
but, be this as it may, the latter author's description of the male agrees 
exactly with that of Boisduval. Both authors state that all the wings are 
thickly powdered with black, and this character at once indicates the species 
jacqnemonti and separates it from epaphus. 
P. jacquemonti is larger and more transparent than P. epaplms, and the 
clear space before the outer margin is broader ; the fringes are usually marked 
with black at the extremities of the nervules, whilst in P. ejMjjJius the fringes 
are always distinctly chequered black and white ; the red ocelli on secondaries 
are almost always pupilled Avith white, but among hundreds of P. epaphus 
that I have received from the N.W. Himalayas I can only find indications of 
white pupils in the ocelli of two specimens, both females ; there is usually a 
red mark at anal angle in P. jacquemonti, but only one female of P. epaphus 
exhibits any trace of this character. Finally the body of P. jacquemonti is 
more densely clothed with hair than is that of P. epaplms, especially on the 
underside. 
Variation in colour and marking is considerable within certain limits. 
Many specimens have no red markings whatever on the primaries. In a 
series of over 40 specimens, which I have selected for my own collection, no 
two examples are exactly alike. The character of the fringes is in this, as in 
many other species of the genus, unstable and subject to modification. Among 
the examples there is one specimen from Kokser which has entirely white 
fringes on both the upper and under sides, whilst in others, taken at the same 
time and place, the fringes are more or less chequered. In several male 
specimens from the Dugi Pass the fringes are almost entirely black. In 
P. epaphus, on the other hand, the fringes are constant, and the deep black 
and white chequers are distinct in all the specimens. 
Elwes (/. c.) states that Boisduval probably had the sexes of two different 
species under his observation when he drew up the description of P. jacque- 
monti. I think there is little doubt that this was really the case. M. 
Oberthiir has the type of the male in his possession and has figured it in the 
14th livraison of his " Etudes " ; there is, therefore, not the least difficulty in 
identifying this sex oi P. jacquemonti. The type of the female is, however, 
* The specimen ■whicli Blanchard figures (pi. i. fig. 3) is evidentl}' not the one he describes, but 
it is probably the specimen he mentions as a variety of P. jacquemonti without red spots on 
primaries. It is certainly referable to P. epaplms. 
o U 
