514 PAPILIONID-E. 
" Thoeax rather stout ; prothorax not strikinglj- developed. 
" Anterior ivings subtriangular, sometimes falcate, elongate, or rounded ; the upper diseocellular 
nervule about equal to the space between the two discoidal nervules ; third subcostal 
nervule thrown off immediately opposite the end of the cell; median and submedian 
nerviires united by a baseo-median. 
" Posterior ivings subtriangular or rounded, sometimes gradually prolonged into a tail, more 
often with the outer margin rounded, more or less deeply dentate, with one or more of the 
teeth prolonged into a tail, sometimes of great length ; the precostal nervure two-branched, 
the inner branch bent downwards and united to the costal. 
" Legs generally long, powerful. Anterior tibiae with a spine of various length, but always very 
distinct. Tarsi with the first joint generally equal in length to the rest combined ; fourth 
joint shortest. Claws all simple. 
" Abdomen moderately large, not much elongated. 
" Lakva rather short, stout : the tentacula vrithout any external sheath. 
" Pupa supported by a filament passed entirely round it." {DoaUedcnj, I. c.) 
Papilio xuthus. 
Papilio xuthus, Linnseus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 751 (1767) ; Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 20 (1881) ; 
Pryer, Rhop. Nihon. p. 2, pi. i. fig. 2 b (1886). 
Papilio xuthulus, Bremer, Bull. Acad. Petr. iii. p. 463 (1861) ; Lap. Ost-Sib. p. 4, pi. i. 
fig. 2 (1864) ; Lang, 1. c. p. 21 (1884) ; Pryer, 1. c. fig. 2 a. 
Primaries black ; the discoidal cell has interrupted pale yellow longitudinal streaks from base to 
middle and two curved spots of the same colour beyond ; there is a central series of yellow 
dashes, these dashes increasing in length from the fourth towards costa and inner margin 
respectively ; the first dash is preceded by a spot of the same colour and encloses, as also 
does the second, a black spot ; an angular pale yellow streak from base of the wing traverses 
the submedian interspace as far as the seventh central dash, with which it unites, and a 
straighter streak of the same colour along inner margin, interrupted towards base and 
terminating under the seventh dash : a submarginal series of eight palo yellow spots is 
preceded by a greyish interrupted band, and there is a cloud of the same colour between the 
first dash of central series and the costa. Secondaries have the pale yellow basal half broken 
up into spots by the broad black venation ; the outer half is black, with a submarginal scries 
of pale yellow crescents, a central series of bluish spots, and an orange spot at anal angle. 
Fringes pale yellow, interrupted with black at ends of nervules. Under surface of primaries 
black ; discoidal cell outlined in yellow ; markings as above, but the greyish band and cloud 
are replaced by yellow and the submarginal spots are very large and only separated from 
each other by the nervules : secondaries yellow ; venation black, traversed by a black band 
which varies in width and is intersected by a series of bluish crescents ; outer half of the tails 
black, and a broad black marginal Hue follows the contour of these wings. 
Var. xuthulus. " Ate flavoe, nervis late nigro-limbatis ; posticse dentatfe et caudate. 
" Aim anticfe supra propo basin nigro-striatse ; maculis discoidalibus tribus margineque posteriorc, 
lunulas marginalcs flavas sex includente, nigris. Alse posticoe fascia marginali nigra, eoeruleo- 
