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PAPILIO. 515 
atomosa, lunulis marginalibus flavis sex maculaque anguli ani fulva nigro-piipillata vol 
unicolore. 
"Ate antiooe subtus fascia marginali nigra strigis transversis flavis duabus interrupta. Ala; 
posticse fascia dentata submarginali nigra cosruleo-atomosa, lunulis marginalibus cellularum 
2-86 et 3-88 flavis, ceteris magnis, subquadratis, aurantiacis, nigro-marginatis, macula rotunda 
anguli ani eodem colore, unicolore vel vix nigro-pupillata. 63-67 m." (Bremer, 1. c.) 
Graeser * states that the larva feeds on PheUodendron amiirense, and that it 
is greenish black with irregular milk-white spots and bands. When sitting 
on the upperside of a leaf the larva resembles the excrement of birds. In 
the summer of 1882 he took a number of larvae of var. xuthulus, two of 
which attained the imago state at the end of September and were of the size 
of xuthulus with the typical xuthus markings. Pryer gives ^gle sejpiaria 
and Xanthoxylon sclmmifolium as food-plants of the larva of P. xuthus. 
This is an exceedingly variable species, and ranges in expanse from 
74-126 millim. in the male up to 130 millim. in the female. Some spe- 
cimens are much suffused with black ; in others the submarginal black band 
of secondaries is very Avide, its inner edge extending to the discoidal cell as in 
P. machaon, var. asiatica. The ground-colour varies in tint from pale straw 
to deep yellow ; in some examples taken by myself at Nagasaki in July the 
ground-colour is buff. Many specimens have hardly any trace of blue spots 
on the submarginal band of secondaries, and in such individuals the orange 
lunule at anal angle is absent. 
• The early spring form, var. xuthulus, is always paler in colour than the 
type, and has narrower black markings. It is usually considerably smaller, but 
some Chinese examples of this form expand as much as 112 millim. The 
submarginal yellow lunules of secondaries are not unfrequently suffused with 
orange, and there is often an orange spot in the first median interspace of 
these wings. 
Intergrades between the typical form and var. xuthulus occur, and it is 
sometimes difficult to decide which form certain specimens represent. 
A common species throughout the region dealt with in the present work. 
Alpheraky (Rom. sur Lep. v. p. 94) records a female specimen, taken in 
July, from Hei-ho in the province of Kan-sou, and one male and two females 
taken in August at Loun-ngan-foii in the province of Setchouen ; these last, 
he remarks, do not differ from Amurland and Corean examples, but are not 
* Uerl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 62. 
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