PAPILIO. 541 
Tar. hSBinatostictviS, Butler. " In Yesso Mr. Maries caught the female of a species which in 
1862 we received the male of from Hakodate. It is allied to P. mencius of Felder (males of 
which Mr. Maries obtained at Kiukiang, China) ; but the wings are darker, the tails on the 
secondaries are more slender, the submarginal lunules are absent from the upper male 
secondaries, and are less arcuate and smaller upon the upper surface of the female. To this 
species I give the name of P. JiamatosdcUis." (Butler, I. c.) 
This is one of the commonest Papilios occuning in the region dealt with 
in the present work; there are several broods in the more southern districts. 
The species is exceedingly variable both in size and shape as well as in 
colour and marking, and several of the forms have been named and described. 
The males range from 84-114 millim. in expanse, and the females from 90- 
116 millim. The tails are subject to considerable modification both as 
regards breadth and length, and they may be either spatulate or of almost 
uniform vsddth throughout. Some male specimens are entirely without red 
lunules on upper surface of secondaries, whilst others have five or even six well- 
formed and conspicuous lunular marks ; the gradations between these 
extremes are represented in my series. In several specimens of both sexes, 
taken by myself in the island of Kiushiu, the lunules are yellow instead of 
red. The female appears to be constant in Japan, but not in the Loochoo 
Islands, where it varies in shade of ground-colour. The palest females are 
from Southern Japan {alcinous), and are light fawn in colour with yellow 
lunules ; whilst the darkest, which are almost black, are from Central China. 
Pryer, who states that the larva which feeds on Coccidus thunhergii 
" resembles a partially ripe mulberry, and the pupa is beautifully sculptured," 
says of the imago : — " The male emits a peculiarly sweet, musky odour when 
alive. The female also emits a fainter odour, but to me this is as unpleasant 
as that of the male is pleasant." 
Distribution. Western and Central China, Corea, Japan, and Loochoo 
Islands. 
Papilio plutonius. 
Papilio plutonins, Oberthiir, Etud. d'Entom. ii. p. 16, pi. iii. fig. 2 (1876). 
" Las ailes superieures du male sont d'un noir un peu transparent avec les nervures marquees en 
noir et des traits noirs longitudinaux compris entre ces nervures, absolument comme dans 
les especes du groupe de polyeuctes, 2Mloxeiivs, et celles du groupe d' alcinous, mencius, entre 
lesquelles le Papilio plutonius forme une rcmarquable transition. 
" Les ailes inferieures sont noires, glace'es d'un reflet cuivreux, avec la poche anale brune et coton- 
neuse ; elles sont assez profondement de'coupt'es, out une queue courte et spatulee, et sont 
