544 PAPILIOXID.E. 
Papilio memnon. 
Papilio memnon, Linnaeus, Sysfc. Nat. i. 2, p. 747 (1767). 
Papilio agenor, Linnaeus, 1. c. ; Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 339, pi. xxix. fig. 1, ? (1885). 
Papilio memnon, Pryer, Rliop. Nihon. p. 4, pi. ii. fig. 1 (1886). 
Papilio androgeos, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. xci. figs. A, B (1776). 
Papilio thunbergii, Siebold, Hist. Nat. Jap. p. 16 (1824). 
Iliades memnon, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 88 (1816); Moore, Lep. Ceyl. i. p. 147 
(1881). 
" P. E. alls dentatis nigris ; omnibus basi subtus rubro notatis. {Mm. Lud. Vlr. 193.) 
" Habitat in China. 
" Alee primores subtus basi macula ovata, rubra ; posticso basi paribus 4, subrotundls, rubris, 
confertis." {Linnaus, I. c.) 
Papilio arjenor, Llnnajus.— " P. E. alls dentatis nigris basi sanguincis ; primorlbus strlatis ; postlcis 
disco albo maculls nigris. {Mas. Lud. Ulr. 194 ; Qlerclc, Ic. t. xv.) 
" Habitat in China. 
" Alffi primores concolores, albo late striatae. Posticfe atrse disco albo ; postice clncta; maculls 
7 nigris, versus anum rubro insectls. Similis deiphoho." {Liimmts, I. c.) 
Papilio thunbergii, Siebold. — " Alls fuscis anterioribus supra basi triangulo sanguineo, posterl- 
oribus subdentatis, subtus basi maculls quatuor sangulnels (raro)." {Siebold, I. c.) 
Males of P. memnon, which are always more abundant than the females, 
are far more constant in colour and markings. Usually they are without the 
red basal patch on upper surface of primaries, but sometimes this is well 
developed. 
In Japan the species seems to be confined to the southern island of 
Kiushiu, where I met with it fairly plentifully both at Nagasaki and in the 
province of Satsuma in the month of May. The males agree very well with 
Distant's figure of the same sex of P. esperi, Butler (Ehop. Malay, pi. xxviii. 
fig. 1), but the reddish lunules on under surface of secondaries are not quite 
so conspicuous, and are entirely absent in some specimens. They also agree 
in some respects with P. cilix. Distant (/. c. pi. xxix. fig. 4). The females 
have rather more white on the secondaries, and the red spots of under 
surface are not so large as in the female of P. cilix. 
From Western China I have only one specimen, a female, which was 
captured in Kwei-chow. It agrees very well with the same sex of P. agenor, 
LinntEus, as figured by Distant {I. c. pi. xxix. fig. 1). 
I received male specimens of P. memnon from Chang-yang, Central China, 
and captured others at Hong-Kong, Foochau, and Ningpo. 
