546 PAPILIONID.E. 
exhibit parallel variation to that observed in the same sex of P. deme- 
frius. 
This is perhaps the commonest species of Pcqnlio inhabiting Central and 
AVestern China ; it was found in numbers in all places visited by my col- 
lectors. Mr. Elwes states that it occurs in Formosa and at Hong-Kong, and 
adds that it has been recorded by Felder from Ningpo. I took specimens at 
Foochau in April. Motschulsky erroneously enumerates it from Japan. 
In India P. protenor is found throughout the Himalayas, up to an 
elevation of 6000 feet, from April to October. 
Papilio demetrius. 
Popilio demetrius, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 196, pi. ccclxxxv. figs. E, F (1782) ; Pryer, 
Rhop. Nihon. p. 4, pi. iii. fig. 1 (1886). 
Papilio carpenteri, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) x. p. 318 (1882). 
" Ce Papillon ressemble au P. jjroteaor de la Chine, mais il on varie par les queues eu forme de 
spatules aiix ailes inferieures, par le defaut des pointilles azurees ; comme aussi par le dessein 
varie des taches rouges en forme de demi-lune sur le dessous des ailes susmeutionnees. 
Mr. 31. Houttuin, a regu ce Papillon, avec plusieurs autres iusectes, du Japon, il me I'a prete 
pour le faire dessiner." (Cramer, I. c.) 
Papilio carpenteri, Butler. — Male. " Primaries above blackish grey, with borders, veins, and inter- 
nervular streaks black : secondaries greenish black ; a large jet-black spot at anal angle, 
bordered above b)' an orange-red lunula enclosing a black dash, and sprinkled in front with a 
few pearl3--whitish scales, below by a triangular golden-orange spot : fringe white between 
the veins ; the usual sulphur-yellow costal streak ; body black ; abdomen greenish. Pri- 
maries below ash-grey, the black streaks and veins narrower than above : secondaries greenish 
black; a decreasing submarginal series of four orange lunules from apex to lower radial 
interspace ; a few scales in the second median interspace, a large crescent in the first median 
interspace, and a large irregular patch enclosing a black spot, sprinkled in front with white 
scales, and bordered with white on the margin at anal angle : body below black. Expanse of 
wings 118 millim. 
" c? . Tateyama Bay, entrance to Gulf of Yedo." {Butler, I. c.) 
The/e»i«?e is usually larger than the male, and is rather broader in the wing; the primaries are 
paler, and the disc of secondaries is usually suffused with bluish scales ; the red patch at anal 
angle is weU defined, as also are the red submarginal lunules. 
This species is very common in the neighbourhood of Nagasaki and 
throughout the Island of Kiushiu dming the spring, but the specimens are 
smaller in size than those which appear later in the year. The females, 
which are very much scarcer than the males, exhibit considerable variation in 
the red submarginal markings of secondaries. 
Fryer {I. c.) states that in Japan the imago is common fi-om April to the 
