PAPILIO. 555 
reddish spots placed between the nervules, of which the upper three are the most obscure ; a 
red spot above anal angle more or less fused with the inner whitish spot. Anterior wings 
beneath as above, but paler ; posterior wings with the red spots larger and brighter than 
above, and with a small additional whitish spot within and just before end of cell (this spot 
is frequently visible above). Head and pronotum black, with an anterior pronotal collar and 
a tuft between the eyes carmine-red. Abdomen red, spotted above and beneath with black ; 
thorax beneath and legs black ; lateral margins of the thorax at base of wings carmine-red. 
" Female. Kesembling the male, but the anterior wings broader, and the red siibmarginal spots to 
the posterior wings rather more obscure. 
"Exp. wings, S 2 , 70 to 90 millim." (Distant, 1. c.) 
The larva and pupa of P. diphilus, Esper, are figured by Horsfield and 
Moore (Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. pi. ii. figs. 5, 5 a). Distant states that P. aristo- 
locMce is a variable species, and that there are no constant differences between 
the type and var. diphilus. 
The description given above seems to apply very well to Chinese examples ; 
these do not, however, exhibit much variation, excepting in the prominence 
of the red submarginal lunules of secondaries and the size and number of the 
white discal spots. 
The species seems to be widely distributed. I met with it commonly near 
Foochau, in April 188G. Mr. W. B. Pryer records it from Ningpo. My 
collectors met with it commonly at Kiukiaug, and I also received it from 
Chang-yang, Central China, and from Huang-mn-chang, Western China. 
It occurs in most parts of India and in Burma, Malay Peninsula, Penang, 
Malacca, Siam, and Java. 
Papilio epycides, 
Papilio epycides, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. ii. {Pap.) pi. vi. fig. 16 (1864). 
Papilio horatius, Blanchard, Comptes Reridus, Ixxii. p. 809, note (1871). 
" Upperside. Male dark brown. The discoidal cell of the anterior wing grey ; the posterior wing 
with the cell white ; both traversed longitudinally by two lines of black, one of which is 
bifurcate : both wings traversed longitudinally between the nervures by grey-white, followed 
closely by a transverse band of white spots, and on the posterior wing by a second sub- 
marginal band of similar white spots, the anal spot large and orange ; the abdomen with four 
rows of white spots. 
" Underside as above, except that it is paler, that the anterior wing is traversed at the apex by 
rays of white, and that the costal margin of the posterior wing is broadly rufous brown. 
" Expan. 3/^ inch. Hab. North India. 
" In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson. 
" This species has been known to me for several years, but until I had an opportunity of examining 
several specimens I was unwilling to describe it. It is nearly allied to P. ar/estor, but 
