588 HESPERIID^. 
Pamphila niveomaculata. 
Carterocephalus nkeomaculatus, Oberthur, Etud d'Entom. xi. p. 27, pi. ii. fig. 8 (1886). 
Carlerocephalus christopM, Grum-Grshimailo, Hor» Soc. Eut. Ross. xxv. p. 460 (1891). 
Velvety black. Primaries have three white central spots, the third much smaller than other two, 
and five subapical ones, the fifth hardlj' discernible ; fringes black except at the apex, where 
they are white. Secondaries have two white central spots similar in shape to those of 
P. flavnmaculata; fringes white. Under surface of primaries blackish, washed with 
olivaceous along costa and on apical area ; the white spots of upper surface are reproduced, 
and there are two additional pale spots below apex, and some ill-defined ones precede and 
follow the central spots : secondaries olivaceous, marked with white at base of costa and 
inner margin : there are nine silvery spots placed as follows — one subbasal, five forming a 
central band, two at outer angle, the upper not clearly defined, and one in each median 
interspace towards outer margin; a short white streak is placed between central band and 
lower spot of the two at outer angle ; fringes white. Antcnnie black, finely ringed with white 
beiiealh, underside of club is also white. The sexes are alike in colour and marking. 
Expanse 32 millim. 
Occurs at Ta-cliieu-lu and Wa-ssu-kow. 
Var. christoplli, Grum-Grshimailo. 
This form, which occurs in the Amdo plateau, Thibet, differs from the type 
on upper surface in having rather more wliite at apex of primaries and a 
white patch at base of these wings ; the central spots on secondaries are con- 
fluent and form a large patch. 
Pamphila gemmata. (Plate XLI. fig. IS, ? .) 
Carterocephalus gemmatus, Leech, Entomologist, xxiv., Suppl. p. 59 (Juae 1891). 
Carterocephalus demea, Oberthiir, Etud. d'Entom. xv. p. 19, pi. iii. fig. 24- (July uec 
June, 1891). 
AUied to P. iiivcomaciddta, Oberthiir, but on the upper surface the primaries have a white spot at 
the base of the cell, another towards outer end of cell, and four smaller ones beyond, forming 
in conjunction with the four apical spots an interrupted band; the secondaries have one 
large white central spot, and in some specimens there is a smaller spot below it. The under 
surface of primaries is dashed wath silvery white along the base of the costa, and, in 
addition to the spots as above, there is a silvery-white apical cloud ; the secondaries have 
two broad silverj'-white bands from costa to submedian nervule, which is dashed with the 
same colour, as also is the base of costa. 
Expanse, <S 32 millim., 2 30 millim. 
I have specimens from Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, and Wa-ssu-kow. The 
species occurs at various elevations, ranging from 5000 feet at Wa-ssu-kow 
up to 8000 feet at Ta-chien-lu. 
I have also received examples from M. Grum-Grshimailo, who took them 
on the plateau of Amdo, Thibet. 
