72 
Psyche 
[Vol. 89 
Table I. — The social ethogram. N = number of acts observed in each caste. 
Behavioral Act 
Workers (16) 
N=2525 
Queens (2) 
N=158 
1 . Self-groom 
0.3303 
0.4114 
2. Allogroom queen 
0.0044 
0 
3. Allogroom worker 
0.0384 
0 
Brood care: 
4. Lay egg 
0 
0.0127 
5. Carry egg or egg pile 
0.0123 
0.0696 
6. Lick egg 
0.0305 
0.1013 
7. Lick larva 
0.0950 
0.1139 
8. Carry, drag, or role larva 
0.0337 
0.0633 
9. Bank mature larva with soil 
0.0048 
0 
10. Carry pupa 
0.1200 
0 
1 1. Lick pupa 
0.0824 
0.0127 
12. Place larvae on prey 
0.0032 
0 
13. Assist removal of meconium 
0.0004 
0 
14. Assist larval molt 
0.0012 
0 
15. Lick ecdysial skin 
0.0063 
0.0380 
Aggressive display: 
16. Undirected 
0.0250 
0 
17. To worker 
0.0051 
0.0127 
18. To queen 
0.0004 
0 
Predatory behavior: 
19. Forage 
0.0158 
0 
20. Sting prey 
0.0040 
0 
21. Drag prey to nest 
0.0019 
0 
22. Drag prey within nest 
0.0048 
0 
23. Lick prey 
0.0578 
0 
24. Handle prey within nest 
0.0051 
0 
Nest maintenance and defense: 
25. Guard 
0.0083 
0 
26. Handle nest material 
0.0190 
0 
27. Repair nest wall 
0.0277 
0 
28. Lick nest material 
0.0012 
0 
29. Excavate nest 
0.0111 
0 
30. Bury noxious object 
0.0004 
0 
3 1 . Carry or drag dead worker 
0 
0 
32. Carry or drag live worker 
0.0004 
0 
33. Extrude sting 
0.008 
0.0190 
34. Remove empty pupal case 
0.0008 
0 
35. Jitter 
0.0055 
0.0190 
36. Jolt body 
0.0135 
0.0633 
37. Lick meconium 
0.0008 
0 
38. Tip antennae 
0.0008 
0 
39. Flick antennae 
0.0099 
0.0127 
