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[Vol. 89 
C. Morphology of Soldiers 
The positions of measurements taken on soldier heads are indi- 
cated in Figure 2 (adapted from Coles 1980). Total body length was 
measured from tip of mandible or nasus, whichever extended 
further, to the end of the abdomen. The figures presented in Table 2 
are the averages of 15 individual soldiers and are ordered from 
greatest to least mandible length. As can be seen, these five morpho- 
logical measurements are, on the whole, positively correlated with 
each other, with total body length and with weight (Table 1). The 
major exception is Orthognathotermes, which has mandibles and a 
nasus of a different shape than the other species. 
D. Worker-Soldier Ratios 
Worker-soldier ratios were calculated by counting all of the 
workers and soldiers in a piece of termite mound. The piece was 
rapidly removed from the surrounding mound so as to prevent a 
change in the normal worker-soldier ratio. For all species except P. 
araujoi, A. euamignathus, S. dims and C. silvestri, five pieces of 
mound from at least three different mounds were counted. The 
result obtained from a piece of mound was not used if the piece 
contained less than 600 individuals. Because of the large variation 
obtained in the first five counts for P. araujoi, an additional three 
pieces were counted. The fifth count used for A. euamignathus was 
an average of 45 samples and was taken from Domingos (1980). 
Only four counts were taken for C. silvestri. 
The large diffuse mounds inhabited by S. dims and the rapid 
retreat of soldiers and workers made it impossible to obtain worker- 
soldier ratios from populations within the mound for this species. 
Instead, the value presented in Table 3 is an average of counts made 
on eleven foraging parties. The method used (Coles 1980) was to 
plug the exit at least one hour after foraging had begun. After 
spraying with pyrethrin aerosol insecticide all soldiers and workers 
were collected and counted. Table 3 presents the data on worker- 
soldier ratios ordered from greatest to least percent soldiers. 
Those termite species with soldiers having chemical-based defen- 
sive systems have fewer workers per soldier than the other termite 
species. In fact, for these species, Velocitermes, Nasutitermes and 
Cortaritermes, there is little variation between species in this 
worker-soldier ratio. Similarly, Cornitermes and Procornitermes, 
