114 
Psyche 
[Vol. 89 
vania) and sectioned 4-6^u thick with glass knives on a rotary micro- 
tome. In this case the staining was Hematoxylin-Eosin (triple 
strength). The SEM pictures were taken with an AMR 1000 A 
Scanning Electron Microscope. In a few cases only specimens were 
available which had been preserved in 70% ethanol. 
Results: 
The major results are summarized in table I. In the following we 
will discuss some of the details of our findings. 
Penis and subgenital plate glands: 
Janet (1902) described in males of the myrmicine species Myrmica 
rubra two major glandular structures directly associated with the 
copulatory apparatus. ( 1 ) The first comprise the penis glands, paired 
clusters of glandular cells located inside the penis valves (Fig. 1). 
Each cell sends a duct through a membrane into the lumen formed 
by the valves (sperm gutters). This gland was also detected in males 
of Formica rufa (Clausen 1938) in Conomyrma brunnei and Fore- 
lius sp. (Marcus 1953; cit. in Forbes 1954), in Camponotus pennsyl- 
vanicus (Forbes 1954), in Neivamyrmex harrisi (Forbes & Do-Van- 
Quy 1965) and we found it in representative species of all major 
subfamilies of ants. The size of the paired penis gland clusters 
(which are also called aedeagal gland, Forbes 1954) varies greatly 
among different species. In some it is a major gland (Fig. 1). In 
others it is represented only by a few glandular cells, and sometimes 
we were unable to identify the opening of the glandular ducts. (2) 
The other major gland, associated with the copulatory apparatus is 
located in the 9th sternite, which together with the coxopodites 
comprise the subgenital plate (Weber 1954). We therefore named 
these paired clusters of glandular cells “subgenital plate gland”. 
Each glandular cell sends a duct through the intersegnental mem- 
brane into the ventral part of the genital chamber (Fig. 1,2). The 
subgenital plate gland was found in representative species of all 
subfamilies studied. 
Tergal glands: 
In his study of the workers and males of Myrmica rubra, Janet 
(1898, 1902) discovered a pair of clusters of a few glandular cells 
under the 6th abdominal tergite. Each cell is drained by a duct that 
penetrates the intersegmental membrane between the 6th and 7th 
