130 
Psyche 
[Vol. 89 
But these are speculations. We know nothing about the function 
of the abdominal glands in ant males. Jessen and Maschwitz (in 
press) suggested that some of the numerous intersegmental glands 
they discovered in workers of the ponerine Pachyeondyla tridentata 
might function as lubrication glands, reducing the friction between 
the segments when the workers bend the gaster during the act of 
stinging. In ant males some of the intersegmental glands could pro- 
duce lubricants in order to keep the abdomen flexible during mating 
behavior or to assist the extrusion of the copulatory apparatus. On 
the other hand some of the well developed tergal and sternal glands 
seem almost certainly to produce allomones or pheromones. The 
recent morphological investigations of glandular structures in ants 
have opened a new phase in the study of chemical communication in 
ants. 
A cknowledgments: 
We would like to thank all the collectors mentioned in Table 1, 
and W. L. Brown, R. Snelling, R. W. Taylor for helping us with the 
identification of many species, and Ed Seling for his assistance 
during the SEM work. This work was supported by NSF grant 
BNS80-02613. 
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