1982] Otis, McGinley, Garling & Malaret — Crawfordapis 283 
i i 
10cm 
Figures 4-6. Diagrammatic representation of three C. luctuosa nests. Fig. 4. Nest 
at base of the embankment. Figs. 5-6. Nests excavated in the embankment. 
(Fig. 6) had one cell (contents unrecorded) only 4 cm from the 
vertical entrance tunnel. Another 8 cm further down, the main tun- 
nel diverged into two. One tunnel continued to slope downward and 
contained two terminal cells with pupae. The other tunnel sloped 
slightly upward and had two lateral cells with larvae and an empty 
terminal cell which was 34 cm from the face of the embankment. 
Each completed cell was lined with a shiny, cellophane-like mem- 
brane which is characteristic of Colletidae. It was not possible to lift 
the cell and contents out of the soil as described for Ptiloglossa 
guinnae Roberts (Roberts, 1971). Cell contents were soupy; fermen- 
tation odors were not recorded. Cocoons were tough, nearly trans- 
parent membranes 17 mm in diameter by 35 mm in length. 
General Activity Pattern 
Females of Crawfordapis luctuosa were active aboveground 
primarily between the hours of 0930 and 1400 hr, with few bees 
leaving the nests after 1300 hr on observation days February 19 and 
20, 1978 (Fig. 7). A similar activity pattern was recorded on July 16, 
1977. This sharply contrasts with the crepuscular activity pattern of 
Ptiloglossa guinnae which occurs in similar habitats (Roberts, 
1971). In some instances, bees were seen returning to the nests in the 
morning before any bees left the nesting aggregation. It is possible 
