1982] Otis, McGinley, Garling & Malaret — Crawfordapis 293 
Table 3. Larval Characters Used in Diphaglossine Cladogram 
Plesiomorphic Apomorphic 
5. Maxilla spiculate 
10. Median frontal swelling absent 
17. Median portion of posterior 
thickening of head capsule 
straight 
25. Epistomal ridge complete 
53. Cuspal region of mandible 
without distinct projection 
55. Teeth on dorsal apical edge of 
mandible distinct basally 
65. Inner apical surface of maxilla 
produced mesiad 
66. Inner surface of maxilla 
smooth 
75. Labial palpus moderately 
elongate, straight 
78. Salivary lips transverse, not 
spoutlike 
83. Salivary plate absent 
84. Hypopharynx normal in size 
85. Hypopharynx bilobed 
109. Venter of abdominal segment 
10 not produced 
Nonspiculate 
Present 
Curved forward 
Incomplete 
Cuspal projection present 
Teeth fused basally, forming distinct 
platelike wedge 
a. Inner surface rounded 
b. Inner surface strongly produced 
forward 
Inner surface of maxilla with 
longitudinal groove 
Extremely elongate, decurved 
Elongate, spoutlike 
Present 
Conspicuously narrow 
Rounded 
Produced 
The sister-group relationship of Ptiloglossa and Crawfordapis is 
strongly supported by the presence of a longitudinal groove on the 
inner maxillary surface (character 66). Weaker support for this rela- 
tionship is indicated by character 109, the projection of the venter of 
abdominal segment 10 (this projection is conspicuous in some spec- 
imens of Crawfordapis but is only weakly developed in one speci- 
men from Panama). 
