THE VICUGNA . 
577 
The height of the Bactrian Camel is rather more than that of the Arabian species, and 
its color is generally brown, which sometimes deepens into sooty black, and sometimes fades 
into a dirty white. 
The true camels are exclusively confined to the Old World, but find representatives in the 
New World in four acknowledged species of the genus Llama. 
These animals are comparatively small in their dimensions, and possess no hump, so that they 
may easily be distinguished from the camels. Their hair is very woolly, and their countenance 
has a very sheep-like expression, so that a full-haired Llama instantly reminds the spectator 
of a long-legged, long-necked sheep. The feet of the Llamas are very different from those of 
the camels, as their haunts are always found to be upon rocky ground, and their feet must 
YAMMA, OR LLAMA .— Auchenia tarna. 
of necessity be accommodated to the ground on which they are accustomed to tread. The toes of 
the Llama are completely divided, and are each furnished with a rough cushion beneath, and a 
strong, claw-like hoof above, so that the member may take a firm hold of rocky and uneven 
ground. 
Four species of Llamas are now acknowledged ; namely, the Vicugna, the Gluanaco, the 
Yamma, and the Alpaca, each of which will be briefly described. 
The Vicugna is found in the most elevated localities of Batavia and Northern Chili, and 
is a very wild and untamable animal, having resisted all the attempts of the patient natives to 
reduce it to a state of domestication. It is extremely active and sure-footed in its mountain 
home, and being equally timid and wary, is seldom captured in a living state. It lives in herds 
near the region of perpetual snow, and in its habits bears some resemblance to the chamois. 
The short, soft, silken fur of this animal is very valuable, and causes the death of thousands 
of Vicugnas, which are slain by various methods merely for the sake of their coats. The 
