VI 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Quoit-Fishes — Discoboli 253 
Frog-Fishes — Batrachidae, Pediculati 255 
Blennies — Blenniidae 256 
Deal-Fish and Gymnetrus — Trachypteridae 258 
Surgeon and Thorntail — Acanthuridae 259 
Climbing Perch — Labyrinthici 260 
Sand Smelt — Atherinidae . — Gray Mullet — Mugilidae 261 
Snake-Head- C Ophiocephalidae 262 
ed Fishes. ( Gepolidae 263 
Spike-Bearing Fishes — Centriscidae 263 
Snake-Bodied Fishes— Fistularidae.— Eel-like Fishes 
— Mastacembelidae 264 
Order MALACOPTERYGII; or Fishes having fins with 
rays closely jointed. — Sub-Order Brachii: Flat 
Fishes — Pleuronectidae 265 
Cod-Fish — Gadidae 267 
C Ophidini 270 
j Anguillidae, Gongeridae, Muraenidae.. 272 
e S " ) Gymnotidae 273 
Leptocephalidae 275 
Sub-Order Abdominales: Blind Fish — Ileteropygidae 275 
Herring Tribe — Glupeidae 276 
Flying Fish, and Pike — Esocidae 278 
Salmon — Salmonidae 279 
Stargazer — Gyprinidontidae 283 
Carp, Barbel, Bream, etc . — Cyprinidae 284 
Silurus — Siluridae 287 
Order PLECTOGNATHI; or Fishes with coalescent jaws: 
Trunk-Fishes — Sclerodermi 287 
Naked-Toothed Fishes — Gymnodontes. 289 
Order LOPHOBR AN CHIAT A ; or CREST -GILLED 
FISHES : Sea-Dragon and Pegasus — Pegasidae. 
Sea-Horse, Great Pipe-Fish, and Phyllopteryx — 
Syngnathidae 290 
Order GAN OLEPIDOTI: Bony Pike 292 
Order CYCLOSTOMI: Lamprey, Lampern, Myxine — Pet- 
romyzorddae 293 
Order LEPTOCARDII: Lancelet 296 
DIVISION INVERTEBRATA; or INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS. - 298 
Some Early Reminiscences by the American Editor 298 
CLASS MOLLUSC A; orMOLLUSKS. 302 
Sub-Class CEPHALOPODA— Order DIBRANCHIATA. — 
Section OGTOPODA: Argonaut —Argoncmtidae . . 305 
Eight-Armed Cuttles — Octopodidae . . 306 
Section DECAPOD A; or TEE-POOPED GUTTLES: Cala- 
maries — Teuthidae 307 
Sepia — Sepiadae • 310 
Spirals — Spiralidae 311 
Order TETRABRANCHIATA; or FOUR -GILLED 
ANIMALS: Chambered Nautilus — Nautilidae. . . 311 
Other Fami- 
lies of 
Order GASTEROPODA.— Sub-Order Prosobranchiata. — 
Section SIP HO NO STOMATA: Strombidae 412 
Muricidae 313 
j Buccinidae (first example: Whelk) 317 
1 Gonidae, Volutidae 321 
6 S " l Gypraeidae 322 
Section HOLO STOMATA; or SEA SNAILS : 324 
Naticidae, Neritidae 324 
Gerithiadae 325 
Turritellidae 326 
Litormidae 327 
Turbinidae 328 
Haliotidae 329 
Fissurellidae, Calyptroddae (first exam- 
ple: Cup- and Saucer-Limpets) 331 
Dentalidae, Cldtonidae 332 
Other Fami- 
lies of 
Shells. 
PAGE 
Order PULMONIFERA; or INOPERCULATE AND 
OPERCULATE GASTEROPODS: Snails— 
Helicidae 333 
Slugs — Limecidae 335 
Apple-Snails — Paludinidae 333 
Pond- Snails — Limnaddae 337 
Section OPERCULATA.— Order OPISTHOBRANCHIA- 
TA. — Sub-Order Tectibraxchiata: Bubble- 
Shells — Bullidae 338 
Sea-Pigeons— Aplysiadae.— Indian Umbrella — Pleu- 
robranchidae 339 
Sub-Order Nudibraxchiata; or Naked-Gilled Mollusks: 
Doris — Doridae . — Dendronotus, and Doto — Tri- 
toniadae 340 
Eolis, and Glencus — Eolidae 34 L 
Order NUCLEOBRANCIIIATA: Carinaria — Firolidae . — 
Order PTEROPODA; or WING-FOOTED 
MOLLUSKS. — Sub-Order Thecasomata: Hya- 
lea, Cleodora, Spike-Shell, and Cymbulia — Hya- 
leidae 342 
Order BRACHIOPODA: Lamp- Shells — Terebratulidae, 
Rhynchonellidae, Lingulidae 344 
Order ACEPHALA; or HEADLESS MOLLUSKS. — Sub- 
Order Asiphonidae: Oysters — Astreidae 345 
Wing-Shells — Ariculidae 350 
Mussels — Mytillidae 347 
Noah’s Ark — Arcadae. — Pearl-Bearing Mollusks — 
Unionidae : 351 
Sub-Order Siphoxida: Clams — Glamidae , Tridacnidae . — 
Cockles — Gardiadae, Cyprinidae 352 
Yenus Shells — -Veneridae. — Through-Shells — Mac- 
tridae 353 
S c rob i c ularia — Tellinidae . 
Razor-Shells — Solerddae.- 
Gaper-Shells — Myacidae. 
— W atering Pot-Shell — Gastrochaenidae . 
Piddocks — Pholedidae 
Order TUNICATA: Solitary Tunicates — Ascidiadae 
Social Aseidians — Glavellinae . — Compound Ascidi- 
ans — Botryllidae. — Pyrosoma — Pyrosomidae 
Scalpa — Scalpidae 
Sub-Class POLYZOA . — Order INFUNDILULATA. — Sub- 
Order Chelostomata 
Catenicellidae, Salicornariadae 
Cellular ulae 
Scrupariadae, Farciminariadae, Ge- 
mellariadae, Cgbereadae, Bicellar- 
iadae 
Flustradae, Membraniporidae 
Celleporidae, Escharidae 
Selenariadae 
Sub-Order Cyclostomata: Crisiadae , Tubuliporidae 
Versiculariadae (first example: Serialaria lendigeri) 
Alcyenidiadae, Pedicellinadae 
Order PHYLACTOLAEMATA. — Sub-Order Lophopea: 
Fresh- Water ( Cristatettidae 
Polyzoa. i Plumatellidae 
354 
355 
356 
358 
Marine 
Polyzoa. 
369 
360 
361 
362 
363 
364 
365 
366 
367 
367 
368 
369 
369 
369 
371 
DIVISION ARTHR 0 P 0 DA. 372 
CLASS LNSECTA; OR INSECTS. 372 
Order COLEOPTERA; or BEETLES . — Section PENTA- 
M E RA .— Sub- Section Abephaga. — S tirps Geode- 
phaga: Tiger Beetles — Cicindelidae 373 
Ground-Beetles, etc . — Garabidae 375 
Stirps Hydrophaga; or Water Beetles : 375 
Great Water Beetle— Hi/ ticidae .— W h irl wig Beetles 
— Gyrinidae 
Sub-Section Rypophaga. — Stirps Bhachelytra: Rove 
Beetles — Staphylinidae 
Yon. III. 
