6 
THE GOPHER TORTOISE. 
The brain of the Tortoise is very small in proportion to the size of the animal, in the turtle 
weighing not quite one five-thousandth part of the whole body, and in the land Tortoise about 
one two-thousandth part. In man the brain is about one-fortieth the weight of the body. 
The Tortoises produce their young from eggs, mostly soft and leathery in the texture of 
their covering, which are laid in some convenient spot, and left to be hatched by heat not 
derived from the parent. The circulation in the Tortoise is not very complete, but the arterial 
blood is redder and brighter than the venous. 
In the true Toktoises the feet are club-shaped and the claws blunt, and the neck can be 
wholly withdrawn within the shell. 
The first example of these creatures is the Gopher, or Mungofa Tortoise, a native of 
America. This is a rather pretty, though not brightly colored species, its shell being mostly 
GOPHER TORTOISE. — Testudo gopher. 
brownish -yellow, boldly and variously clouded with rich dark brown. The lower jaw is yellow, 
and the whole of the plastron is yellow-brown. It is found plentifully in Georgia and Ala- 
bama, but, according to Mr. Holbrook, is not seen farther north than South Carolina. When 
full grown it is a moderately large species, from thirteen to more than fourteen inches in 
length, and very convex. The following interesting account of its habits is given by Mr. Hol- 
brook in his valuable u North American Herpetology : ” — 
“ They select dry and sandy places, are generally found in troops, and are very abundant 
in pine-barren countries. They are gentle in their habits, living entirely on vegetable sub- 
stances. They are fond of the sweet potato ( Convolvulus batatas ), and at times do much 
injury to gardens by destroying melons, as well as bulbous roots, etc., etc. In the wild state 
they are represented as nocturnal animals, or as seeking their food by night : when domesti- 
cated — and I have kept many of them for years — they may be seen grazing at all hours of 
the day. 
“When first placed in confinement, they chose the lowest part of the garden, where they 
could most easily burrow. This spot being once overflowed by salt water in a high spring-tide, 
they migrated to the upper part, nearly eighty yards distant, and prepared anew their habita- 
