92 
the LARGE-NAPED chameleon. 
artificial light. Even when the animal was moving in the walks of my garden, and happened 
to come near enough to the border to be shaded by the box edging, that side so shaded would 
instantly become less darkly colored than the other. 
“Now the light in this way seldom illumines exactly one half of the animal in a more 
powerful manner than the other, and as the middle line is constantly the line of demarcation 
between the two different shades of color, we must evidently refer the different effects to two 
different centres, from which the nervous currents can only radiate, under such circumstances, 
towards the organs respectively situated on each side of the mesial line. Over these centres’ 
without doubt, the organ of vision immediately presides ; and, indeed, we ought not to 
wonder that the action of light has such powerful effects on the highly irritable organization 
of the Chameleon, considering that the eye is most highly developed. The lungs are but 
secondarily affected, but they are likewise more strongly excited on the darker side, which is 
constantly more convex than the other. 
Many other circumstances may be brought forward in favor of the opinion that the ner- 
vous currents in one half of the Chameleon are going on independently of those in the other ; 
and that the animal has two lateral centres of perception, sensation and motion, besides the 
common one in which must reside the faculty of concentration. 
‘ k Notwithstanding the strictly symmetrical construction of the Chameleon as to its two 
halves, the eyes move independently of each other, and convey different impressions to their 
different centres of perception ; the consequence is, that when the animal is agitated, its 
movements appear like those of two animals glued together. Each half wishes to move its 
own way, and there is no concordance of action. The Chameleon, therefore, is not able to 
swim like other animals ; it is so frightened if put into water, that the faculty of concentra- 
tion is lost, and it tumbles about as if in a state of intoxication. 
u On the other hand, when the creature is undisturbed, the eye which receives the strong- 
est impression propagates it to the common centre, and prevails on the other eye to follow that 
impression, and direct itself to the same object. The Chameleon, moreover, may be asleep on 
one side and awake on the other. When cautiously approaching my specimen at night with a 
candle, so as not to awake the whole animal by the shaking of the room, the eye turned 
toward the flame would open and begin to move, and the corresponding side to change color, 
whereas the other side would remain for several seconds longer in its torpid and changeable 
state, with its eye shut.” 
It seems probable that the change of color may be directly owing to the greater or less 
rapidity of the circulation, which may turn the Chameleon from green to yellow, just as in 
ourselves an emotion of the mind can tinge the cheek with scarlet, or leave it pallid and death- 
like. Mr. Milne Edwards thinks that it is due to two layers of pigment cells in the skin, 
arranged so as to be movable upon each other, and so produce the different effects. 
The young of the Chameleon are produced from eggs, which are very spherical, white in 
color, and covered with a chalky and very porous shell. They are placed on the ground under 
leaves, and there left to hatch by the heat of the sun, and the warmth produced by the 
decomposition of the leaves. The two sexes can be distinguished from each other by the 
shape of the tail, which in the male is thick and swollen at the base. 
There are nearly twenty species of Chameleons known to zoologists at the present day, all 
presenting some peculiarity of form or structure. One of the most remarkable species is the 
Large-naped Chameleon, or Fork-nosed Chameleon, as it is sometimes called. 
This creature inhabits Madagascar, that land which nourishes so many strange forms of 
animal life. It is also found in India, the Moluccas, and Australia. When full grown, the 
muzzle of the male is very deeply cleft, or forked, the two branches diverging from each 
other. The female has no horns, and in the male they are short and blunt while the creature 
is young, not obtaining their full length and sharpness until it has attained full age. These 
curious forked projections belong to the skull, and are not merely a pair of prolonged scales 
or tubercles. 
