I' I / 
ZOOPHYTES. 
ACTINOID A. 
TUTTING the Acalephse, we come to the vast class of Zoophytes, or animal plants, 
so called, because, though really belonging to the animal kingdom, many of them 
bear a singularly close resemblance to vegetable forms. In our beautiful oleo- 
graph, seven European species of this class are given, some to exhibit their forms 
as they appear when expanded, and the others to show the variety in colors. 
These seven species are : The Thick-petalled Sea-rose ( Thelia crassicornis ) ; 
the Sagartia 'parasitica; the Sea-pink ; the Widow; the Red-anemone 
(Sag artia rosed ) ; the Warty-anemone ; and the Green- anemone (Anthea cereus ). As 
there exists a great similarity in the form and structure of these Sea-anemones, it will be 
sufficient to describe only some of them. The substance of these Zoophytes is always gelatinous 
and fleshy, and round the entrance to the stomach are set certain tentacles, used in catching 
prey and conveying it to the stomach. These tentacles are armed with myriads of offensive 
weapons contained in little capsules, and capable of being discharged with great force. Organs 
of sight, smell, taste, and hearing seem to be totally absent, though it is possible that an 
extended sense of touch may compensate the creature for these deficiencies. 
Without entering further into the constitution of these singular beings, we will proceed 
to the examination of the various groups into which they have been divided. 
In the family of the Lucernariadae, the tentacles are arranged in detached groups, a 
peculiarity whereby the creatures may easily be recognized. These organs are placed upon 
the outer edge of the membranous and expanded disc, in the centre of which is the squared 
mouth. They are mostly found adherent by a stem to some object, but they can swim with 
tolerable rapidity, their bodies pulsating like those of the Medusae. None of them attain any 
great size, the largest being about one inch in height. Pink is their usual color. 
Mr. Gosse, in his “ Sea-anemones and Corals,” remarks that the Lucernariadae have closer 
affinities with the Medusae than with the Actiniae, on account of several structural peculiarities, 
among which may be mentioned the gelatinous texture, the expanded umbrella, the egg-sacs 
in the substance of the umbrella, and the squared mouth at the end of a free footstalk. I have, 
therefore, departed a little from the ordinary arrangement, and placed the Lucernariadae 
immediately after the Acalephs, forming a kind of intermediate link between them. 
The highest form of true Zoophyte is, undoubtedly, that which is so familiar under the 
name of Sea-anemone — a name singularly inappropriate, inasmuch as the resemblance to an 
anemone is very far-fetched ; while that to the chrysanthemum, daisy, or dandelion is very 
close. These creatures are called Actinoida, and are easily distinguished by having the 
stomach inclosed in a sac divided into compartments by radiating partitions. For convenience 
sake, this group is divided into two sub-orders, the first of which is the Actinaria, known by 
the number of tentacles (twelve or more), perforated above, and the radiating partitions some- 
times depositing solid, chalky plates, commonly called “coral.” The tribe Astraeacea is 
known by the imperfect series of tentacles, and the family Actiniadae by their circular arrange- 
ment. 
