58 
YORKSHIRE, ITS FOLK-LORE, CUSTOMS 
AND BROAD ACRES. 
(Illustrated by the Lantern). 
By HENRY CROWTHER, F.R.M.S. Feb. 8th, 1916. 
The Pennine Range has exercised an enormous influence 
upon both Yorkshire and Lancashire. To a great extent it 
has determined the types of character to be met with in those 
counties and to some extent the industries carried on. Turn- 
ing first to the botany of the Pennines the lecturer explained 
in what various ways the different moorland grasses and 
mosses are adapted to their environment, and he spoke of 
how the vast expanses of moss to be found on the moors 
ensures a never-failing supply of water for our streams even 
in periods of long drought. After specific references to some 
of the most beautiful Pennine hill-plants, the lecturer pro- 
ceeded to illustrate, by means of artistically coloured slides, 
the most typical features of Pennine moorland scenery- 
weathered crags, heathery valleys, and extensive stretches 
of undulating moorland. A tribute was paid to the privi- 
lege, which both Lancashire and Yorkshire enjoyed, of prac- 
tically free access to a vast moorland area. 
Turning specially to Yorkshire, the lecturer spoke of the 
varieties of geological phenomena and t lie wide range of 
rocks, from the oldest formations to the newest, which the 
county contains within its borders. The influence of the 
glacial period upon the general contours of Yorkshire was 
discussed and many illustrations given of rocks which had 
been transported by the agency of ice from distant regions 
into areas where the surrounding rocks were geologically 
different. Fine photographs were shewn of the “ folded 
limestone near Holton Abbey, of Brimham Rocks, and of 
the calcareous grits surmounted by fantastically weathered 
boulder clay in the Filey coast district ; special mention 
was made of the freakish tricks of nature to be seen in the 
Malliam and Gordale districts and in Clapham Cave. 
