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away in a kind of case. The animal too possessed reservoirs 
for storing up blood. Malaria was caused by a parasite in 
the blood. When the mosquito sucked the blood of a person 
suffering from malaria fever, it also took into its stomach 
some of the minute germs of the disease. These germs were 
not digested but underwent development in the body of the 
mosquito, the result being production of cysts or sacs con- 
taining an immense number of spores of malaria. A sample 
of blood was exhibited showing the spores of malaria in one 
of the corpuscles twelve hours after the parasite had entered 
it, and after 47 hours the parasite had almost filled the cor- 
puscle. Quinine was a well-known remedy and if administered 
at the proper time it killed the spores. Could they do nothing 
to reduce the number of mosquitos and so reduce the amount 
of malaria fever ? Could no method of wholesale sloughter 
be applied ? Attempts had been made to reduce the number 
of mosquitos by abolishing their breeding places, or by spraying 
the pools in which they breed with paraffin oil, thus covering 
the pools with a film of oil and preventing the larvae of these 
animals in the water gaining access to the air, and consequently 
suffocating them. Great success had attended these efforts 
in Ismailia, Khartoum, Freetown, Italy, Havanna, New 
Orleans, and the Panama region. In all these places there 
had been a groat decrease in the deaths due to malaria and 
yellow-fever since the campaigns against gnats and mosquitos 
were instituted. 
Great attention was now being directed to another fly — 
the tsetse fly, which was responsible for sleeping sickness. 
It had been a serious trouble in Uganda and other parts of 
Central Africa. The disease was due to a parasite carried 
from man to man by the tsetse fly, which belonged to the 
same family as the common house-fly, but was slightly larger 
—about one-third of an inch in length. There was a connection 
between the plague and fleas. Several million inhabitants 
of India had died from plague — one million in 1904 and another 
million in 1905 in the Bombay presidency alone. The flea 
was the agent by which the parasite was conveyed to man 
from rats, for after feeding from an infected rat the flea 
became infected and the germs were thereby transmitted. 
So that the remedy for plague was the extermination of the 
fleas and rats. 
In conclusion, he expressed the hope that public opinion 
would be aroused with regard to the house-fly, that people 
would realize that it was not merely a nuisance but dangerous 
to health. The Americans had realised this sooner than we 
had and were circulating from Boston large numbers of 
