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THE RED-BACKED SHRIKE. 
Two other species are known in America— the Loggerhead and the White-rump; the 
first named a Southern species, and the latter from the Western plains. 
The Red-backed Shkike is very much more common than the last-mentioned species. 
Its winter quarters seem to be situated in Africa, and it reaches the northern countries 
of Europe at the end of April or the beginning of May, passing through Italy on its 
passage. 
During the time of its residence it may often be seen flitting about the tops of hedges and 
small trees, evidently in search of its prey, and even at a considerable distance may be recog- 
nized by its habit of wagging its tail up and down whenever it settles, in a manner very similar 
GREAT GRAY SHRIKE and RED-BACKED SHRIKE .— Lanius excubitor and collurlo. 
to that of the wag-tails. Usually it is seen in pairs ; but when the eggs are laid, the male bird 
is generally engaged in procuring food while the mother bird stays at home and attends to her 
domestic affairs. 
The food of the Red-backed Shrike chiefly consists of the larger insects, such as grass- 
hoppers, beetles, and chafers, and it is in the habit of impaling them on the thorns near its 
nest, probably to save the mother bird the trouble of going to look for her own meals. A not 
very common species of cocktail beetle, the Staphylinus er ythr opterus , is a very favorite prey 
of this bird ; and when I was making up my collection of insects, I used to derive considerable 
assistance from the labors of the Red-backed Shrike. These impaled insects are stuck about 
the bush in such numbers, and in so very open a fashion, that they form a ready guide to 
the position of the Shrike’s nest. Moreover, the parent birds are so solicitous about their 
home, that as soon as they see a human being approaching their nest, they set up such a 
