1861.] 
Notices of New Works. 
43 
were at liis time in the habit of marking their beasts on the ears, with 
signs of a ladle, pearl, &c., and also eight and Jive, which certainly 
point to a knowledge of written letters or numerals at that period, 
Similarly the use of lopa to express ‘ elision’ as opposed to the dars' et- 
na or ‘ visibility’ of a letter, points to language existing in a written 
and not exclusively spoken form. 
Various other topics of a similar character are discussed, (but 
sometimes with needless bitterness against opponents,) among others 
the age of Panini and his position relatively to the Pratisakhyas, 
Katy&yana, the Unadi Sutras, &c. Dr. Goldstucker maintains that the 
Pratis'akhyas are more modern than Panini, and he endeavours to prove 
that many of their rules are intended to supply deficiencies in the latter’s 
Sutras, and if the more perfect rule were the more ancient, it wouldbe in- 
conceivable that Panini could have deliberately inserted a less complete 
one in his grammar. Similarly he would explain the many correc- 
tions of Panini in Katyayana’s vartikas by a wide difference in their 
epochs. “ The explanation I hold can only be derived from the circum- 
stance that Papini and Ivatyayana belonged to different periods of 
Hindu antiquity — periods separated by such a space of time as was 
sufficient to allow — 
1. Grammatical forms which were current in the time of Panini 
to become obsolete or even incorrect. 
2. Words to assume meanings which they did not possess at the 
period when he lived. 
3. Words and meanings of words used by him to become antiquated. 
4. A. literature unknown to him to arise. 
By this later literature, Dr. G. understands the ATanyakas, Upani- 
shads, Vajasaneyi Sanhita and S'atapatha Brahmana. 
We have no space to enter into the interesting arguments by which 
he endeavours to maintain this new position j we would confine our- 
selves to one collateral point in the investigation, which seems to us 
to possess peculiar interest as well as novelty. 
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# «Tf^? vfvi 1 Vivifg fefi | 1 fei i fbg- 
l ^ ^sijnrr; i i I fasWyr: i fwjRng: i i 
l || 
