42 
Notices of New Works. 
[No. 1 
Notices or new works relating to Sanskrit Literature. 
M/mava Kalpa Sutra , being a portion of this ancient work on Vaiclic 
rites, together with the commentary of Kumdrila Sw&min, (a facsi- 
mile of MS. 17, in the old E. I. II. library,') with a preface by 
T. Goldstucker, London, 18G1. 
This large and deeply interesting volume consists of two somewhat 
disconnected halves, — a facsimile, lithographed in the shape of a puti, 
of Kumarila’s Commentary on the Manava-lcalpa-Sutras, and a pre- 
face of 2G8 pages on various topics connected with Professor Midler’s 
“History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature.” 
Among other subjects, Dr. Goldstucker has discussed the question 
of the period of the use of writing in India, and our readers will he 
interested to leam that the note* in our journal (No. II. 1859,) where 
this part of Dr. Muller’s work was first printed as a communication to 
the Society, became his “ first inducement to treat the matter on this 
occasion.” 
Dr. G. strongly holds that writing was known in India before 
Panini’s time, and he chiefly bases his opinion on the occurrence in 
Panini and the Sutras of such words as lipikara, patala, sutra, grantha, 
varna, kdnda, &c. Siitra he believes to be derived not from a “ string 
of rules,” but the primitive manner in which MSS. were bound, — a 
parcel of leaves kept together by a string through the middle. He 
draws an important distinction in Panini’s use of varna and Icdra, 
“ lcara enters into composition with all vowels and consonants, provid- 
ed the latter are followed by the letter a, while varna is joined mere- 
ly to vowels and such consonants as are without a vowel sound f and 
thus varna applies to the written consonant, as the spoken one must 
have a vowel to sound with it ; and hence the propriety of the word 
varna as originally meaning “ colour.” Then again Panini has a 
Sutraf (vi. 3. 115,) in which he informs us that the owners of cattle 
* “ Prof. M. has sent the paper to the Society’s Journal in the hope of elicit- 
ing some fresh information from European or native scholars in India on the 
interesting questions which it discusses.” 
■Jig I ^g3TI nf , !I I fWst I I | TrJjrTT"! 
