1861.] 
On the Sul -Himalayan rod's. 
31 
It is not intended to state that our knowledge of the existence and 
distribution of fossils in these rocks is conclusive ; hut, so far as 
known, with the single exception of the discovery by Lieut, (now Col.) 
Durand of fossils near Nahun, there is no known instance of fossils 
being found out of the first zone of these rocks — the Siwaliks proper. 
If we attempt to base our inferences upon lithological grounds 
from the composition and texture of the strata, in a continuous 
section like this, we must include the upper Nummulitic group, for, 
as already stated, it has, in these respects, very marked affinities with 
the Siwalik series. Many of the lumpy red clays of the Dugshai. 
group, are not distinguishable iu composition or in hardness from the 
clays of the upper Siwaliks : the sandstones, also of the same group 
are markedly of the same general type. Each of these bands then 
has affinities with the one on either side of it, and at the same time 
has irreconcileable contrasts also. The Belaspur conglomerates overlie, 
with, at least, general conformity thick red clays, and hard sand- 
stones, exactly like the Dugshai group, yet without any intervening 
beds to represent the Ivussowli group : and these conglomerates 
undoubtedly contain debris of the Nummulitic series. The rocks 
south of the G-umber fault are very similar to the Belaspur band, 
and the bottom strata are of an intermediate type between the 
Dugshai, and the lower Siwalik strata, being in fact with difficulty 
distinguishable from the rocks of the Nahun range, with which they 
are in contact. And lastly we have the Naliun rocks which are litho- 
logically undistinguishable from the lower strata of the Siwalik hills, 
while the .upper strata of these same hills contain boulders of these 
Nahun rocks. 
All these facts seem compatible only with a long continued, and 
generally cotemporaneous process of upheaval, denudation, and depo- 
sition, under conditions commencing with the upper Nummulitic 
rocks. This conclusion is entirely at variance with the premature 
generalization at which Mr. D’Archiac arrived.* 
In conclusion, the importance of carefully labelling fossils, and 
distinguishing their localities cannot be too strongly insisted on. 
* P. 176, D’accord avec tous les voyageurs qui out parcouru le pays, Sir 
E. Murchison pense qu’ un seul soulevement brusque, sur une immense eehelle, 
a relevd a la fois tous les depots tertiares, inferieurs, moyens et superieurs.” 
