108 The progress of ike Kashmir Series. [No. 2, 
many ICyangs have been seen by myself and others. I have watched 
a herd for a long time at a short distance with a telescope. I have 
not heard them calling, but Mr. Johnson, who caught a foal* this 
year, says that they bray, he heard them several times quite distinctly, 
and the natives! with my camp say the same. .1 saw a very large 
skin of a Kyang shot by Mr. Johnson this season in Rupshu. There 
was a black mark all the way down the back, but not the least sign 
of any stripe on the shoulders, the skin of the tail was about 13 
inches long, and the whole tail not more than 2! feet in length. But 
this I think exceptional, as some of those in the herd I examined 
had tails reaching nearly to the ground. The ears and tail struck 
me as being like those of a mule, and I thought them generally very 
high in the withers and much larger than any of the wild asses of 
the salt range. 
The season of 1860 has not been a favorable one as far as the 
weather was concerned, it was indeed peculiarly unfavorable for the 
triangulation in the upper part of the valleys of the Indus. The 
late very heavy falls of snow in March were never thoroughly melted 
away. Before the triangulating party left, the whole of the smaller 
streams remained hard frozen during the day. The Kyangs and 
even the geese, ducks and other waterfowl all left the neighbourhood 
of the Chomoriri lake as early as the end of August. It was so 
cold that even at the end of July, I crossed over some snow bridges 
in Ladak that in ordinary seasons disappear before the end of June. 
The Machahoy glacier projected further than usual into the Dras 
valley, and its end did not melt back very much till the close of the 
season. Bad weather set in early in September and soon after all 
survey woyk was forcibly brought to an end. 
It is to be hoped that we may have no more such seasons. With 
favorable weather I think we may succeed in carrying both the trian- 
gulation and topographical work up to the Chinese frontier. The 
triangulation may possibly advance a little further even as matters 
now stand. And if the present war with China results in friendly 
relations extending to all the provinces of that empire, we may hope 
to see a large traffic spring up between Hindustan and central Asia. 
* This foal died after a fortnight’s captivily. 
t Kainckna or hainchna was the termed used by them. 
