190 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [No. 2 
the horns of C. Wallichii on the one hand, and those of C. ela- 
phus, whether large or small, recent or fossil, on the other ; consist- 
ing in the fact that the European animal has the pair conspicuously 
straighter in the beam, and less divergent apart ; whereas in both 
C. Wallichii and C. affinis, the pair are considerably more diver- 
gent and bowed, and again converge at the crown (vide J. A. S. 
XXIII, 735, pi. 6). In C. casadehsis the pair are also more 
divergent, but do not generally tend to converge at the crown, which, 
in this species, consists mostly of successively diminishing tines on 
the same plane, thrown off and upward from the continuation of the 
beam that inclines backward (vide J. A. S. X, pi. f. 6). 
As regards the development of C. elapiius in Western Europe in 
former days, if not in the forests of Hungary at the present time,* 
as compared with the species as now existing in the British Islands, 
I exhibit a pair of magnificent Sambur horns from the Coromandel 
coast, which as far transcend what are ordinarily considered first-rate 
Sambur , as the ancient British Stag-horns excel in dimensions and 
development of crown, those of the modern Stag of Western Europe. 
The range of C. affinis extends, in all probability, to the moun- 
tains of the north of China and Mantchuria, where Mr. Swinhoe 
has information of “ a great Stag with large branching horns.” The 
Stags of Mongolia, abounding in the mountainous region of the 
Ivalka country (which extends from near the Russian frontier- 
station of Kiakhta to the great elevated desert of Gobi, and 
from which the river Onon takes its rise), are in all probability 
of the Shou species. Ihus the Mantchu, Touleschin, as quoted 
by Timkowski, mentions that he shot “ a very large Stag on 
the Khanola,” which is north of the Khingan, on the left bank 
of the river Tola. The productions of that region are generally 
Tibetan, and tame Yaks abound (which are habitually miscalled 
Buffaloes by Timkowski). f The Stags of the Gobi, also, repeatedly 
mentioned by Timkowski and others, are doubtlessly Shous ; and 
* The Roe is stated to be much larger in Austria than in the British Islands. 
t In lus description of “Eastern Turkistnn, a country better known in Europe 
by the name of Little Bucharia,” (as lieremnrks, drawn up chiefly from inform- 
ation obtained in China,) he states, “ The wild Oxen are here very stron" and 
heice. If the hunter does not kill them with the first shot, he is in danger of 
being torn to pieces.” Lloyd’s Knglish translation (1827), I, 406 Wild°Yaks 
are of courso intended. M. Hue also refers to wild Yaks simply as wild cattle. ‘ 
